- Ukukhangela kobomi bangaphambili kuyaqala.
- Ukuphonononga umngxunya weJizero njengendawo ekuhlalwa kuyo.
- Ngaba uMars kufuneka abe kuluhlu lwakho lwamabhakethi ohambo?
I-rover eyaziwa ngokuba kukuzingisa ifike kwi-Mars kwaye ithumela imifanekiso yayo yokuqala. Ibe ziimayile ezingama-292.5 yezigidi, uhambo lwenyanga ezi-7 ukuya apho ukusuka kwiplanethi yoMhlaba.
I-USGS inombono owahlukileyo kule ndawo yembali. Ukusuka kwimbono yabo, xa ucwangcisa ukukhangela indawo entsha, kuhlala kungumbono olungileyo ukuzisa imephu ukuze uphephe indawo eyingozi. Oku kuyinyani nokuba uphakama uhambo oluya eMhlabeni okanye umisa i-rover kwiMars.
Iinjongo zemishini kukukhangela ubungqina bobomi obudlulileyo kunye neendawo ekuhlalwa kuzo e-Jezero crater kwaye uqokelele kwaye ugcine iisampulu ezinokuthi, okokuqala ngqa kwimbali, zibuyiselwe eMhlabeni ziimishini zangomso.
Ulandelelwano oluntsonkothileyo lokufika, olubizwa ngokuba yi-Entry, Descent and Landing, okanye i-EDL, lukhokelwa kwezona mephu zichanekileyo zeMars ezakhe zenziwa, ngoncedo lwe-USGS Astrogeology Science Centre. Ukufika ngokukhuselekileyo kumhlaba ombi waseMartian, isiphekepheke siza kusebenzisa itekhnoloji entsha ebizwa ngokuba yi "Terrain Relative Navigation." Njengoko isihla isiya esibhakabhakeni, isiphekepheke siya kusebenzisa iimephu zayo ukuze sazi ngqo ukuba sikuphi kwaye siphephe iingozi njengoko sihlala ngaphezulu komhlaba. Ukuhamba ngenqwelomoya ukusebenza, isiphekepheke sidinga ezona mephu zintle zokufika komhlaba kunye nomhlaba ojikelezileyo.
URobin Fergason, ugqirha we-geophysicist wase-USGS uthe: "Kangangokuba singathanda ukuqhuba ngesandla isiphekepheke njengoko sisihla, akunakwenzeka." “UMars ukude kakhulu — malunga neekhilomitha ezili-130 lezigidi ngexesha lokufika komhlaba- kangangokuba kuthatha imizuzu eliqela ukuboniswa kukanomathotholo ukuhamba phakathi kukaMars noMhlaba. Ngokusebenzisa iimephu esizenzileyo, isiphekepheke siya kukwazi ukuzilawula ngokukhuselekileyo endaweni yoko. ”
I-USGS iqale yavelisa iimephu ezimbini zemishini ye-Mars 2020, kubandakanya imephu yomhlaba ehamba indawo yokuma kunye nendawo engqongileyo kunye nemephu yesiseko esiphakamileyo esasetyenziswa ngabaphandi ukwenza imephu yomngcipheko ngokuchanekileyo kwindawo yokufika. Imephu yendlela kunye neemephu zomngcipheko womhlaba zihanjiswe ngenqanawa yesiphekepheke kwaye ziya kusetyenziselwa ukuyinceda ukuba ihlale ngokukhuselekileyo. Imephu esisiseko iya kuqhubeka nokusebenza kwimishini eMhlabeni njengoko izazinzulu ziceba apho i-rover izakuhlola khona xa sele isemhlabeni. Zonke iimephu zilungelelaniswe ngokuchaneka ngendlela engazange ibonwe ngaphambili kunye neemephu zehlabathi zeMars ukuqinisekisa ukuba zibonisa ukuba yonke into injani kanye kanye.
Ukongeza kwiimephu ezazisetyenziswa ngexesha lokwehla, abaphandi be-USGS bancedisa ekupapasheni imephu entsha yejeroroji yaseJizero kunye neNili Planum - induli zakudala, ezixineneyo apho umngxunya wefrathe wawuchaphazela khona. Imephu ye-geologic igubungela indawo yokufika kunye nomhlaba ojikeleze indawo apho i-rover iya kudibana nayo kuhambo lwayo ngexesha lomsebenzi wayo. Imephu ye-geologic ikwinqanaba elifanayo kwiimephu zethu ze-USGS zeemephu, nto leyo enomtsalane onikiweyo wokuba akukho namnye owakha wanyathela umphezulu weMartian, ophela njengehlabathi. Ubungakanani obupheleleyo beemephu ze-geologic zigubungela malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-40 kwaye zibandakanya enye yeyona ndawo indala eMars. Kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, indawo evavanyiweyo ibonisa imbali etyebileyo yeenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zomphezulu ezibandakanya amanzi angamanzi-into ebalulekileyo ebomini.
"Ukuphononongwa yinxalenye yendalo yomntu, "Utshilo uJim Skinner, uphando ngejoloji ye-USGS. Ndonwabile ukubona le rover ibona nendlela eziya kuthi zilwandise ngayo ulwazi lwethu ngeMartian kunye nembali yokuma komhlaba. ”
Ngaphandle kwemephu, yakuba i-rover yoNyamezelo ihleli, izazinzulu ezininzi ze-USGS ziya kuqhubeka ukubandakanyeka kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla ye-rover. Ngapha koko, kwakamsinya nje ukuba iivili zoNyamezelo ziqengqeleke kumhlaba waseMartian, abaphandi base-USGS uKen Herkenhoff, uRyan Anderson kunye no-Alicia Vaughan bazakuqhubeka nokuxhasa injongo ye-NASA yokuvula iimfihlakalo zeplanethi ebomvu ngokuxhasa izixhobo ezimbini ebhodini- iMastcam- Z kunye neSuperCam. Zombini ezi zixhobo zibekwe phezulu kwimasti yokujonga kude kwaye zonyulwa ukuba zincede ekuphumezeni iinjongo zemishini yokukhangela ubungqina bobomi obudlulileyo.
Yintoni esiza kuyifunda malunga noMars kulo nyaka uzayo? Ngaba babukhona ubomi eMars kwaye babukho e-Jezero crater?
Asikazi okwangoku. Kodwa kuyasivuyisa ukufumanisa.
I-USGS kuqala yaqala ukwenza imephu kwizinto kwindawo yee-1960s ngelixa ilungiselela oosomajukujuku kwimishini yeApollo. Emva phaya phambili yayiyiNyanga. Imizamo yokwenza imephu kwezinye iiplanethi yaqala ngoo-1970. Ndikunye noMars ngokukodwa, iimephu zokuqala ze-USGS zaphuma ngo-1978 ngokusekwe kwimifanekiso evela kwi-Mariner 9 mission. Ii-1980s zazisa imifanekiso ehlaziyiweyo kunye neemephu ezihlaziyiweyo ngenxa yeViking Orbiter. Kodwa eyona minikelo imnandi ye-USGS yeza ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1990 kunye nasekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-2000 xa imifanekiso engcono yomphezulu weMartian ivumela i-USGS ukuba ibeke imephu ngokuchanekileyo kwiindawo zokufika zeMars rover mishini. Imishini ye-Mars 2020 lelona thuba lakutshanje i-USGS kuye kwafuneka ukuba liphucule ukuqonda kweMars kunye negalelo kuphononongo lwendawo.
Ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga nokubandakanyeka kwe-USGS kwi-Perseverance rover mission, ndwendwela i-USGS Astrogeology Science Centre website.
Ukufumana iindaba zamva nje malunga nomsebenzi, ndwendwela i-NASA Mars 2020 mission website.
