Ngeziphithiphithi zezoqoqosho ezitshabalalisa iimarike zehlabathi, ukungazinzi kwezopolitiko okanye kwezoqoqosho naphi na kuza nezithintelo eziphezulu. Olona ngquzulwano lwaseRashiya lwakutsha nje kunye ne-Ukraine kunye nokucinezelwa kunyaka ophelileyo kwiphondo laseCaucasus eGeorgia ngokungathandabuzekiyo libe neziphumo ezibi.
Indlela ephambi kwelizwe lase-Asiya elikuMbindi waseKazakhstan, emiswe kakubi phakathi kwabamelwane balo abanamandla baseRussia nabamaTshayina, isenokuba iyabhideka ngokulinganayo kwaye izele zizinto ezinokuba yingozi ezingaziwayo.
Ngelixa kule minyaka yakutshanje eli lizwe lityebileyo ngeoyile nobutyebi liye lazonwabela ngokuzolileyo iziqhamo zebhonanza yamaxabiso e-oli aphakamileyo ehlabathi, iimeko zoqoqosho zakutshanje zehlabathi zishiye inkungu nelanga.
“Kungekudala iKazakhstan iza kujongana neengxaki ezininzi ezinzulu, kunye neengxaki ezikwimeko eyintlekele eqala ngokucotha nokuyeka ukukhula koqoqosho,” uyalumkisa uMurat T. Laumulin, umphandi oyiNtloko kwiZiko laseKazakhstan leSifundo seSicwangciso, itanki yokucinga ephantsi. i-ofisi kamongameli welizwe.
ULaumulin ude abethelele ukungazinzi nokuba kuncinci kubamelwane belizwe lakhe abanempembelelo. "Le yineo-impiriyali entsha yaseRashiya, yinyani."
Imfundiso entsha kaPutin
ULaumulin uchaza 'iMfundiso kaPutin eNtsha', iqhinga elihamba kancinci lokumanyanisa amazwe awayesakuba yiSoviet Union - hayi ngeendlela zezopolitiko okanye ezikhohlakeleyo njengakwixa elidlulileyo - kodwa kusetyenziswa nje izixhobo zoqoqosho njengomlinganiselo wamandla.
Ubudlelwane beKazakhstan kunye neRussia yenye yeendawo zokuhlala, isiqwenga esibalulekileyo sepuzzle ngumnqweno wommelwane wempembelelo kwisithuba se-post-Soviet. Ngelixa iRashiya inokunyamezela ukusebenzelana kwezoshishino kunye nentshona - i-Holy Grail yintsebenziswano eqhubekayo yentsebenziswano yezempi kunye neRashiya. Kwaye oku, uLaumulin uthi, iKazakhstan iyayiqonda kwaye iyayamkela.
Into esemngciphekweni weKazakhstan kukuthandana nentshona okwaqala ngexesha likaGorbachev iPerestroika. Ibaleka ilifa layo laseSoviet ngeminyaka yoo-1990, iKazakhstan yayivulekele ishishini. I-oyile yase-US i-Chevron yamenywa ukuba isebenzise i-oyile enkulu yokugcina i-Caspian basin. Ngelixa ngelo xesha amaxabiso e-oyile asezantsi engazange akwenze kube nomtsalane kakhulu ukucofa koovimba – kude kube mva nje konke oku kutshintshile.
Kodwa iKazakhstan isabambelele ngokuqinileyo phantsi kwempembelelo yaseRashiya, kwiminyaka yamuva nje iguqule izihlunu zezoqoqosho kunye nezopolitiko - kunye neoli kunye negesi njengesixhobo sayo esiphambili. Kumhlaba wayo kubangele ukurhoxiswa kweenkampani zangaphandle kwishishini le-oyile negesi, kunye noosomashishini abavalelweyo abaye baphambuka kulawulo lwe-Kremlin. Ngale nto, ngubani owaziyo ukuba iRussia iya kunyamezela ixesha elingakanani ubungangamsha beKazakh bokuvumela iinkampani zasentshona ukuba zingene koovimba bazo abakhulu?
ULaumulin, owayesakuba ngunozakuzaku wenqanaba eliphezulu, ulumkisa ngelithi: “Umongameli okhoyo ngumqinisekisi wobukho bezi zivumelwano ekuvunyelwene ngazo nje emva kokuwa kweSoviet Union. “Ngeenyani zorhwaphilizo andinakuqinisekisa ukuba emva kokunyamalala kwakhe abanye abantu abaphezulu bangazama ukuhlaziya ezi zivumelwano. Kubandakanya iChevron.
Ingxaki yezopolitiko
Oku kusizisa kwingxaki yesibini enokwenzeka yeKazakhstan - yezopolitiko. Eli lizwe lisenokuba likwinqanaba lezopolitiko elivulwe kukukruthakruthwano ngegunya phakathi kwabaphezulu kwezopolitiko njengoko lijonge umntu oza kungena ezihlangwini zikaMongameli uNursultan Nazarbayev, nothe walawula eli lizwe ukusukela ngo-1989.
"IRashiya ifumene indlela yokutshintsha amandla ukusuka eYeltsin ukuya kuPutin, uPutin ukuya eMedvedev. Asinayo imodeli enjalo, ngelishwa, "ukhalaza uLaumulin, obona umzabalazo wamandla osele usenzeka ngokusekwe kwiziko, kwingingqi, ngokwezizwe nakwipolitiki.
Ukubheja kungaphandle apho amakhadi aya kuwela kwi-geopolitical sphere. Ngelixa ikwinqanaba lezopolitiko kunye nezoqoqosho elinomdla waseRussia, iKazakhstan nangona kunjalo idlala isenzo esintsonkothileyo sokulinganisa phakathi komnye ummelwane wayo onamandla wengingqi, iTshayina ekhulayo nenamandla.
Yintoni iKazakhstan enokuthi yoyike nangaphezu kolawulo lwaseRussia-inyaniso ekudala iphila phantsi kwayo- lulawulo lwamaSino-Russian, oluqulethwe kwikamva elingaqinisekanga loMbutho weNtsebenziswano waseShanghai.
"Iingcali ezininzi zithatha lo mbutho njenge-condominium yaseSino-Russian kuMbindi weAsia," utshilo uLaumulin, "Siyayamkela impembelelo yemveli yaseRussia kunye nobudlelwane bethu bembali kunye nezopolitiko kunye neMoscow, kodwa asenzi - kwaye asinako - ukwamkela iTshayina-Russian. ulawulo.”
Ekugqibeleni, kukuthotywa kwesi sizwe sikhulu sabemi abazizigidi ezili-15 kuphela ekuvukeni ngentsasa enye kwaye balawulwa ngokwezoqoqosho yimidla yaseRashiya okanye yaseTshayina.
Ikamva elingaqinisekanga
Ngaphandle kokuba lelona lizwe lityebileyo kwaye lizinzile kuMbindi we-Asiya, iintanda kuphuhliso lwelizwe sele ziqalile ukuvakala ngexesha lengxaki ye-US sub-prime mortgage-ethe yaphazamisa iiprojekthi zophuhliso lwezindlu nomhlaba kwikomkhulu lelizwe elineminyaka elishumi ubudala, i-Astana.
Ikomkhulu lomboniso lijongeka njengelitye elinqabileyo elinemibala emininzi lale mihla kunye nezakhiwo ezitsha kunye neekhreyini zokwakha ezinyukayo - iikhreyini eziye zathi cwaka ngakumbi njengoko ilizwe lichaphazeleka ziingxaki zoqoqosho zamazwe ngamazwe.
Ngelixa kukho isivumelwano esiqinileyo phakathi kwezopolitiko nezoqoqosho kuphuhliso lwemigangatho yentshona ngokwemiqathango yezoqoqosho, umceli mngeni usekugcineni isakhelo sezopolitiko kwezi nguqu njengoko sitshintshela kwilizwe elinyanisekileyo ledemokhrasi. Okwangoku uLaumulin ukhalela ukuba isizwe sakhe sihleli sikwingxaki.
“Kwiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo ndandiphupha ngokubuyiselwa kweSoviet Union ngeenqununu zedemokhrasi nezesiqhelo. Emva koko ndandiphupha malunga nobudlelwane obusondeleyo kunye neYurophu kunye ne-Eurasia - indawo ye-post-Soviet njengentlangano enye ye-geopolitical kunye ne-geo-economic. Ngoku andinazo iimpendulo. Andikuboni ukukhanya ekupheleni kwetonela.”
I-Navigator yenkcubeko esekwe eMontreal u-Andrew Princz ngumhleli we-portal yokuhamba ontheglobe.com. Uthatha inxaxheba kubuntatheli, ekwaziseni ilizwe, ukukhuthaza ukhenketho kunye neeprojekthi ezijolise kwinkcubeko kwihlabathi liphela. Uhambele kumazwe angaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu kwihlabathi jikelele; ukusuka eNigeria ukuya e-Ecuador; Kazakhstan ukuya eIndiya. Uhlala ehamba, efuna amathuba okunxibelelana neenkcubeko ezintsha kunye noluntu.
