Ukuhamba embindini weAfghanistan kwiminyaka emithathu eyadlulayo, uGeoff Hann wazifumana sele ebanjiwe phakathi kwabaphathi bemfazwe.
Wakhokela iqela lakhe kudlula elinye ibutho elalisilwa ukuze lijongane nelinye kwelinye icala lomlambo. Ngethamsanqa, abaphathi bemfazwe babenobuhlobo, utsho. Kodwa ayizizo zonke eziya kubakho.
Ukudibana okunjalo, utshilo uHann, ziyinxalenye yamava- kwaye yinxalenye “yolonwabo” - lokundwendwela nearhente kaHann yaseHinterland yokuHamba ese-UK.
Njengokuba bengena kwimimandla yemfazwe, benqumla kwiindawo ekujongwa kuzo, kwaye bekhubeka kwiindawo zokungazinzi kwezopolitiko, aba bahambi beza bexhobile kakhulu-baneekhamera, iincwadi zesikhokelo, iimephu kunye nezikhokelo zabakhenkethi.
Kukhenketho olukhangeleka ngathi "lumnyama" - olume ngokugqamileyo ngaphandle kwelanga nentlabathi - olunabahambi abaya kuMbindi Mpuma kungekuphela ngaphandle kwemfazwe nongquzulwano kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ngenxa yalo.
Ukuzibonela ngomonakalo obangelwe ziirokethi kumantla nakumazantsi akwa-Israyeli, ukutyelela indawo yokuhlaselwa kwegesi enetyhefu emantla e-Iraq, kunye nokutyelela izakhiwo ezigcwele iimbumbulu zaseBeirut zizinto nje ezizezomtsalane kubakhenkethi "obumnyama" obuphikisayo - iindawo ezinxulumene ngenye indlela ngokufa, ukutshatyalaliswa, ungquzulwano okanye imfazwe.
“Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo kukho umtsalane kwezi ndawo kodwa into engaziwayo kukuba abantu bangatsaleleka kubo - nokuba kungokungqina imfazwe ngohlobo oluthile lomtsalane okanye nokuba kukuzama ukufumana ukuqonda okunzulu okanye intsingiselo kuyo. . Lo ngumcimbi omkhulu ngenene, utshilo uProfesa Richard Sharpley, intloko yezokhenketho kwiYunivesithi yaseLincoln.
Abathathi-nxaxheba baseHinterland kuqala nokuphambili, utshilo uHann, bajonge into "eyahlukileyo nenomdla." Bahamba baya eIraq, Afghanistan, kumazantsi mpuma eTurkey naseIran ngembali, uyilo kunye nenkcubeko yezi ndawo zikuMbindi Mpuma. Abayikhathazi into yokuba kukho ingozi ebandakanyekileyo. Kodwa ayisiyonyani abafuna iziyolo. Baze "bazibonele" into egadlwa kakhulu yimithombo yeendaba kwaye, ngokutsho kwabantu abaninzi baseNtshona abathandabuzayo, ngamanye amaxesha bayayichaza gwenxa.
"Kukho amaqela abakhenkethi kwaye kukho abakhenkethi abaya kwiindawo ezinje ngeAfghanistan neIraq ukuzama ukusondela kwinto eyenzekayo phaya - ngoku yinto eyoyikisayo emfazweni," utshilo uNjingalwazi uJohn Lennon, umbhali wezoKhenketho loMnyama nomlawuli. IZiko leMoffat loPhuhliso loShishino loKhenketho noKhenketho.
Ngelixa abakhenkethi bethetha ubumbano kunye nomnqweno wobukrelekrele njengeyona nto iphambili, abafundi bathi inokuba yinto "enomdla" ekufeni, isidingo sokuphelisa "ukunxanelwa ukungcamla imfazwe," utshilo uLennon, oqhubela abakhenkethi kwiindawo ezinxulumene nentshabalalo. okanye ungquzulwano.
Luhlobo lomntu oluthandayo lokuchukumisa ukufa - ukusondela ekufeni. Kwaye kukukhawuleza. Iphantse yangathi ayonelanga ukuba yenzekile kwiminyaka eli-10 okanye engama-20 eyadlulayo. ”
Kwiintsuku emva kokupheliswa komlilo kwabhengezwa kwimfazwe yokugqibela yaseLebhanon phakathi kuka-Israyeli kunye ne-Hezbollah, I-Kibbutz Gonen Holiday Village kumantla akwa-Israyeli yaqala ukubonelela ngeendawo zokutyelelwa zii-rocket zase Katushya. Abakhenkethi bamanye amazwe kunye nama-Israyeli avela kwiziko lelizwe, abangakhange bafumane mpembelelo yemfazwe kwinqanaba elilinganayo nelabalingane babo basemantla, beze "bazibonela ngawabo amehlo" umonakalo obangelwe yimfazwe.
“Bayibonile yonke kumabonwakude, ezindabeni. Kodwa abantu babenomdla wokuyibona ngamehlo abo - ukubanceda baqonde, ”ucacisa watsho umlawuli wentengiso waseGonen uOri Alon, ephawula ukuba uninzi luza kutyelelo luziva lukhululekile.
Xa kuthelekiswa nemifanekiso ebukekayo kwiindaba, ukutyelela "kunciphise umonakalo." Le meko yayimbi, kodwa ingekho mbi njengokuba umabonwakude wayenza yabonakala, utsho.
Kwinyanga yokuqala emva kwemfazwe, isikhokelo sabakhenkethi bakwa-Israeli u-Amnon Loya wakhokela abakhenkethi edlula kwizindlu ezonakeleyo eQiryat Shmonah. Apho, abakhenkethi babe nethuba lokuthetha nabemi bendawo kunye namajoni. Ngokwengqondo, kwakufuneka bazibonele ngokwabo, uyacacisa, ngenxa yomanyano, ukuvalwa kunye nokufuna ukwazi, kunye nokuqonda ubunyani bemeko.
"Ukuba uhleli kamnandi ekhayeni lakho ubukele umabonwakude, uyazibuza ukuba ingaba imfazwe ikweli lakho na okanye hayi," utsho uLoya.
Ngelixa ukhenketho lwaseKatushya luphelile, namhlanje abakhenkethi bangaya kwidolophu yase-Sderot esemazantsi e-Israel ukuya kubona umonakalo owenziwe ngamarokethi eQassam adutyulwe eGaza ekufuphi.
U-Bina Abramson we-Sderot Media Centre uthi ezi rokethi zinabemi bendawo abahlala kuloyiko oluhlala luhleli, kwaye ngokuyintloko kukufumana inyani kunye nobumbano, endaweni yento eyonwabisayo, etsala amaqela abatyeleli kunye neendwendwe.
Ukhenketho ngokubanzi lunokunxulunyaniswa nongquzulwano, kodwa lujolise ikakhulu kubumbano, ezopolitiko okanye ekufumaneni inyani.
Kwisifundo sakhe sokhenketho olujolise kwezopolitiko eJerusalem, umkhokeli wabakhenkethi u-Eldad Brin ubhala ngelungelo lokuzalwa lika-2003 lakwa-Israyeli elathi "Uxolo nezoPolitiko," elathatha abathathi-nxaxheba kwivenkile yekofu yaseJerusalem eyayilixhoba lohlaselo lwabanqolobi kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo. imeko yezopolitiko yesixeko.
Abathathi-nxaxheba kwiqela eliseBhetelehem elise-Alternative Tourism bangatyelela izindlu ezidilikileyo zasePalestine, iinkampu zeembacu, isithintelo sokwahlukana, kwaye badibane nabaphembeleli boxolo basePalestina nabakwa-Israyeli.
Umlawuli ophetheyo u-Rami Kassis uthi injongo yolu khenketho kukuveza abakhenkethi kwiindawo ezizodwa zezopolitiko, ezentlalo, kunye nembali - "ukuvula amehlo abo ekubandezelekeni kwabantu basePalestine" kunye nokunceda iindwendwe ziphuhlise ezazo izimvo malunga nemeko, endaweni yokuxhomekeka kulwazi olunomkhethe nakumajelo eendaba.
Nangona kunjalo, njengeempawu zongquzulwano, kwanokumisela ukuthintelwa kobomi babantu, ezo ndawo ngokuqinisekileyo zinokuthathwa njengenxalenye yendlela yobumnyama yokhenketho, utshilo uSharpley.
"Ndicinga ukuba umtsalane kukuba abantu baye phantse ekuqinisekiseni ngokhuseleko nenkululeko yobomi babo," utshilo.
Uninzi lwabantu baseNtshona bahlala kwiindawo ezikhuselekileyo, ezinobungozi, ezikhuselweyo ekufeni kunye nefuthe ngqo lemfazwe, utshilo.
"Ukulala ngokufa" yenye yeendlela zokuchaza olu hlobo lokhenketho, utshilo uSharpley, apho ukuzibeka esichengeni sengozi okanye esingajongana nokufa- kuyinxalenye yesibheno. Ukusuka kuloo mbono, ukhenketho lommandla wemfazwe unokuqwalaselwa njengowakutshanje kwimidlalo egqithileyo.
Nangona iHinterland isisa abakhenkethi kwiindawo ezithwala izilumkiso zohambo-yenza ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba ngamanye amaxesha banganyamezeleki kwaphela ngenxa yemfazwe kunye nobunqolobi- uHann uthi eli qela aliphumeli kwindlela yalo yokukhangela izinto ezinomtsalane "ezimnyama." Kananjalo abathathi-nxaxheba bayo - abaneminyaka engama-40 ukuya kwengama-70 ubudala- bajonge umngcipheko okanye imincili.
Ngapha koko, umhambi oneminyaka engama-69 ubudala kunye nomthonyama wase-UK uMargaret Whelpton uthi ngekhe abenakho ukonwabela ukhenketho lwe-Hinterland ukuba ebenolwazi ngengozi.
UWhelpton, oye eLebhanon, eSyria, eIraq, eJordani, eIran naseAfghanistan, uthi ungquzulwano okanye ubundlobongela obunxulunyaniswa neendawo ezithile - njengepleyiti awayibona ehotele eIslamabad ekhumbula ukubulawa kweentatheli ezininzi kwiminyaka emibini eyadlulayo - yinxalenye nje yexesha elidlulileyo.
"Imbali," utsho. Akukho nto iyoyikwa.
Oko akuthethi ukuba iHinterland ayizukufumana ndawo “zododoy” okanye ezibonakala ngathi zimnyama.
Kukhenketho lwaseMntla Iraq, iHinterland yathatha abathathi-nxaxheba bayisa eHalabja, indawo apho kwahlaselwa khona irhasi yetyhefu ngexesha lemfazwe yaseIran neIraq ngo-1988. Ngesinye isihlandlo, batyelela intolongo eSulaymaniyah ngaba amaKurds ayethuthunjisiwe.
U-Hann uthi, kwahlukile, kunokutyelela inkampu yoxinaniso yase-Auschwitz.
Ngelixa into oyibonayo ngokwakho ingumzobo, izifundiswa ezinje ngoLennon kunye no Sharpley bathi lo mkhwa uhambelana nomdala, umdla wokufa kunye nemfazwe.
USharpley uyacacisa, "Mhlawumbi intwana yegazi."
Bavuyiswa kukucinga ukuba 'abantu abonwabanga,' utsho njalo uLennon.
Ekugqibeleni, abantu bafuna ukubamba imingxunya yeembumbulu, mhlawumbi baziva ubungozi, kwaye bahlangane nabo baphethe iimfazwe.
Ukufumana ngakumbi ukhenketho kuMbindi Mpuma kwi-Media Line ndwendwela iwebhusayithi yabo, www.themedialine.org.
