INkosana yaseSaudi Crown uMohammed bin Salman's 2030 inombono obandakanya uguquko ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kweSaudi Arabia kwimali engenayo ngokuphucula uqoqosho lwayo kunye namacandelo enkonzo yoluntu anje ngemfundo, ezempilo, iziseko zophuhliso, kunye nokhenketho.
Ootitshala baseSaudi baqalise amalungiselelo okuzisa isifundo sefilosofi kwizikolo zobukumkani. Ukusebenza ngokudibeneyo neengcali zase-Bhritane, baqalisile ukuqeqesha abafundisi abangama-200 abaya kufundisa abafundi bezikolo eziphakamileyo isifundo esasinqatshelwe ngaphambili kwikharityhulam amashumi eminyaka.
Umphathiswa Wezemfundo wase-Saudi Arabia u-Ahmad al-Issa ubhengeze eli nyathelo kwinyanga ephelileyo kwinkomfa yamazwe aphesheya ebibanjelwe kwisizwe samaSunni-Muslim.
“Iikharityhulam zamabanga aphakamileyo zizakuhlaziywa kwaye ezi zinto zintsha zizakwaziswa kungekudala. Ziya kubandakanya ukucinga okunzulu njengoko oku kungumzamo wokubandakanya imigaqo-siseko yefilosofi kwisikolo esiphakamileyo. Oku kongezwe kwizifundo ezimalunga nomthetho oza kuphehlelelwa kungekudala, ”utshilo u-Issa ngethuba lomsitho.
Abanye ababukeleyo bancoma ukubandakanywa kwefilosofi kumagumbi okufundela aseSaudi Arabia, ukongeza bayayincoma into ebuyiselwe kwimfundo ka-bin Salman egxile kakhulu kwimfundo yedijithali nakwizifundo ze-STEM (isayensi, itekhnoloji, ubunjineli kunye nemathematics).
Abanye, nangona kunjalo, bayathandabuza malunga nokuba yintoni kanye kanye "ifilosofi" okanye "ukucinga nzulu" kubandakanya. Enye inkxalabo kukuba ukucinga ngefilosofi kuya kufundiswa ngeendlela eziqinisa iimfundiso zonqulo ezixhaphakileyo.
UDhari Salman, utitshala waseKuwaiti, uxelele iMedia Line ukuba ubukumkani buhambe phambili kakhulu ngokwazisa ifilosofi. "Kodwa amaSaudis angaphazama angayinaki indlovu enkulu egumbini enoluvo lwenkolo ngalo mbandela," ulungele. Kuqhelekile ukuba abadala bagcine isithethe njengefilosofi njengesixhobo sikaSathana endaweni yokucinga ngokukhululekileyo. ”
Ucacisile uSalman, abafundi, ukuba bafundiswe izinto ezimbini ezibalulekileyo kwifilosofi: ezizezi, ingcinga kunye nokucinga okunzulu. “Kufuneka bafunde ukumisela ubunyani beengxelo ngokuxhomekeka kwisizathu. Ukugxekwa sisixhobo esincede ezona ngqondo zinkulu zacinga ngaphandle kwebhokisi. Uninzi lwabo lwalunezakhono kunye nokufundisa ukwenza oko, kwaye nezikolo kufuneka zivule indlela kubafundi malunga noku. ”
Ingxaki, nangona kunjalo, kukuba “ezakwalizwi zezona zinto zixhalabisayo kubomi bemihla ngemihla babemi baseSaudi kwasekuzalweni kwabo. Kwaye ukuba badibana nokugxekwa kwezimvo zamaSilamsi kwezopolitiko nakuluntu eklasini kunokwenzeka ukuba kubekho iingxabano ezishushu. ”
Ukuqala ngee-1960s, u-Sheikh Abdel-Aziz bin Baz kunye nabanye abaphengululi bezenkolo abahlonitshwayo be-Saudi bakhuphe "ii-fatwas" (izigwebo zamaSilamsi) ezininzi ezithintela ukufundiswa kwefilosofi ezikolweni. Babewugqala lo “mbono wobuqhetseba” “nobubi” —isisongelo kwiintsika zoluntu.
U-Edward Flood, umfundisi-ntsapho waseMelika owayehlala kwaye esebenza e-Saudi Arabia ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30, uxelele I-Media Line ukuba "inkqubo yefilosofi" yobukumkani-ukuba ufuna ukuyibiza njalo-isekwe kwiKoran nakwimfundiso ye-Wahhabi Islam.
Le nkqubo ayisiyonto ikhuthaza inkululeko okanye ukucinga nzulu. Endaweni yoko ibethelela ukuthobela uthotho lwemithetho eyaziwayo kwaye inyanzeliswa, ngaxesha lithile, ngamapolisa enkolo, ngoku athe enziwa ukuba angabi namandla yi-MbS [bin Salman] kodwa asebenza ngamandla njengoko indlela yokuziphatha ichaphazelekayo.
"Ndizifundile ezi zifundo," ucacisile uMkhukula, "ziya kunikwa abafundisi, kodwa ngubani oza kubafundisa kwaye, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ngubani oza kukhetha ootitshala? Umntu othile okanye iqela elithile liya kuba namandla amakhulu xa kufikwa 'ekubumbeni' iingqondo zaseSaudi. Kwaye ukuthetha njengomgxeki ongqongqo, ndiyazazi iimbono ezininzi ezinjalo ezamkelwa ngovuyo olukhulu, kodwa ke zaye zabhanga ngazo zonke izizathu. ”
Umkhukula wagqiba kwelokuba ukuba ifilosofi ifundiswa ngendlela enokuthi icingelwe ngumntu waseNtshona, inamandla okuguqula imfundo yase-Saudi Arabia kunye noluntu. "Kodwa oko kuyakukhokelela ekubuzeni urhulumente kunye nendlela izinto ezenziwa ngayo ebukumkanini, isindululo esiyingozi kusapho lwasebukhosini."
UFatima al-Matar, uprofesa wezomthetho kwiYunivesithi yase-Kuwait, naye wagqithisa kwiMedia Line ukuthandabuza malunga nokufundisa ifilosofi kwilizwe lamaSilamsi, ngokubanzi, naseSaudi Arabia ngokukodwa.
"Kwingingqi apho iKoran ithathwa njengenyaniso epheleleyo, owona mthetho ungoyena uphambili, nesikhokelo ekuphela kwendlela yokuphila yobulungisa, ingaba ibaluleke ngantoni ifilosofi?" Ubuzile ebuza.
“Ukuhlala e-Kuwait, ilizwe elinenkqubo yezentlalo, ezopolitiko kunye nemfundo efana naleyo yase-Saudi Arabia, ndakhathazeka xa ndifunda kwincwadi yam yama-Islam eneminyaka eyi-12 ukuba umSilamsi akanayo inkululeko yokufunda nantoni na uyafuna. ”
Ewe kunjalo, xa kufikwa kwiingcinga zaseNtshona, inkcubeko okanye amasiko, u-al-Matar uqaphele, amaSilamsi ama-Arab ahlala ezoyika ezi zimvo zintsha ezinokuthi zikhokelele ekuphulukaneni nobunikazi babo.
Oku kuyabatyhafisa ekubeni bajonge ngaphaya koko sele bekholelwa kuko. Kwaye ukuba intanda-bulumko iyinto, ke ngokoluvo lwam, isibindi sokugqitha koko sele sikwazi. ”
INTO ONOKUYITHATHA KWELI NQAKU:
- Edward Flood, an American educator who lived and worked in Saudi Arabia for over 30 years, told The Media Line that the kingdom's “‘philosophical system'—if you want to call it that—is based on the Koran and teachings of Wahhabi Islam.
- Flood concluded that if the philosophy is taught in a way that a Westerner might imagine, it has the potential to transform both Saudi education and society.
- Instead it inculcates obedience to a set of rules that are well-known and well-enforced by, at one time, the religious police, which has now been made almost powerless by MbS [bin Salman] but still exerts a strong social force as far as behavior is concerned.
