Robert UMugabeusweleke owayengumongameli wase Zimbabwe. Wayeneminyaka engamashumi alithoba anesihlanu kwaye wayegula kangangexesha elithile kwaye wasweleka esibhedlele eSingapore. Wayengomnye weyona ntloko iphambili kurhulumente, UMongameli waseZimbabwe ukusukela ngonyaka ka-1987 ukuya kowe-2017.
UMongameli Mugabe kwintlanganiso UNWTO INdibano kaWonke-wonke yowama-2013 (Ifoto uChristian del Rosario we-eTN)
UMbutho weZizwe eziManyeneyo woKhenketho lweHlabathi (UNWTO) INdibano yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yavulwa nguye ngo-2013.
Apha ngezantsi kukho ingxelo ebhaliweyo yedilesi yakhe kwinani elipheleleyo labathunywa abavela kumazwe ali-124 abebezimase ukuvulwa kwangeCawa kwiVictoria Hotel eVictoria Falls, eZimbabwe.
“Ohloniphekileyo uMnu. Chilufya Sata, uMongameli weRiphabhlikhi yaseZambia, uNobhala Jikelele we-United Nations World Tourism Organisation, uGqr Taleb Rifai, amalungu oluntu loonozakuzaku, abaphathiswa bethu abasingathe ezokhenketho apha ngoku kunye nabanye abaphathiswa (UGqirha Walter Mzembi) evela kwiRiphabhlikhi zaseZimbabwe naseZambia, abathunywa kunye neendwendwe zethu ezihloniphekileyo ezivela kwi UNWTO usapho, iinkokheli zethu zemveli, uNkosi uMvuto kunye noNkosi uMukuni, ababelana ngeeNgxangxasi zeVictoria, iiKapteni zeshishini lezokhenketho, manene namanenekazi, Mawethu nabahlobo bam, kuluvuyo lwam, ngenene liwonga kwilizwe lam, iZimbabwe, ukubamba lo msitho. UNWTO usapho ngokuhlwanje nangeentsuku ezintlanu ezizayo.
Ukusingathwa kweNdibano yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yeZizwe eziManyeneyo kusithathela inyathelo elibalulekileyo kwimbali yezoqoqosho yamazwe ethu amabini, iZambia neZimbabwe kunye noMmandla woPhuhliso lwaMazwe aseMazantsi e-Afrika (i-SADC). Silindele ukushiya uphawu olungenakucimeka kwiinkumbulo zethu, kwaye iyinxalenye yelifa lethu lesizukulwana, siphawula ukujika okucacileyo kubutyebi bezokhenketho bamazwe ethu amabini, imimandla yethu kunye nelizwekazi lethu.
Mnu. UNobhala Jikelele, isigqibo sakho sokubamba lo msitho ubalulekileyo wehlabathi kule ndawo siyakhuthazeka kwimizamo yethu eqhubekayo neqhubekekayo, okoko kwabakho ilizwe laseZimbabwe, ukugcina ubudlelwane obunobuhlobo noluntu lwamanye amazwe, nkqu nala mazwe. esingavumelani ngayo ngayo yonke imicimbi.
Ukukhethwa kwale ndawo kwinani labagqatswa abakhuphisanayo ngokungathandabuzekiyo kuya komeleza ukuzimisela kwethu ekuphakamiseni ukhenketho kwimpilo yezoqoqosho nasekuqhubekeni kwabantu bethu baseZambia, eZimbabwe naseAfrika iphela. Siyakhuthazeka kukuvuma kwamazwe ethu amabini njengondwendwe olufanelekileyo lwentlanganiso enjalo, kunye nokuqondwa kwale ndawo njengeyona ikhuselekileyo nekhuselekileyo kubakhenkethi behlabathi.
Emva kwenkululeko ngowe-1980, iZimbabwe, kwaye kwangowe-1981, yaqaphela ukusebenza kakuhle UNWTO isicwangciso sophuhliso lwentlalo noqoqosho, ngokugxininisa ekukhuleni okuzinzileyo kwexesha elide kuqoqosho olungaphuhlisiyo, olujoliswe, ngokuyinxenye ekufezekiseni ubuncinane iiNjongo zoPhuhliso lweMillennium.
Sahlala sililungu elikhutheleyo lombutho de kwangowe-1999. Ngelishwa kwisithuba sika-2000 ukuya ku-2008 siye sajongana nemiceli mngeni emikhulu edalwe, ubukhulu becala, zezohlwayo ezidambisayo ezingekho mthethweni ezamiselwa phezu kwethu ngamacandelo athile asentshona. Ezi zohlwayo zeza kabuhlungu emva kweNkqubo ye-IMF/World Bank ye-Economic Structural Adjustment Programme (ESAP) eyathi, phakathi kwezinye izinto ezingalunganga, yavala uthatho-nxaxheba lwethu olusebenzayo kwimibutho efana ne-Economic Structural Adjustment Programme (ESAP). UNWTO.
Ngethamsanqa ngowama-2009, ngokuququzelelwa kwe-SADC kunye ne-AU, saseka urhulumente wobumbano lwesizwe, i-GNU, eyakhokelela ekuthomalaliseni ngandlel 'ithile imo esasijamelene nayo kwabo babesigxeka kwezopolitiko nakwezoqoqosho.
Ndoneliseke kakhulu kukuba uMphathiswa wezoKhenketho kunye noShishino lwezoBulungiseleli obusandul' ukusekwa buvuselele ubulungu bethu UNWTO kwaye, ngenkxaso yakho esebenzayo, uNobhala Jikelele uRifai, uqhubeke ube lilungu elikhutheleyo lombutho, ufumane isihlalo kwiBhunga lesiGqeba sombutho kwakuloo nyaka.
Ukusukela ngoko asikhange sijonge ngasemva kwaye, kulandela impumelelo yethu kumazwe amabini kunye neZambia ukusingatha le seshoni, sizifumana silapha ngokuhlwanje. Mna noMongameli Sata sityikitye iGolden Book yezokhenketho, aba ngoonozakuzaku bezokhenketho kwihlabathi liphela - ungaze ulikhathalele ihlazo labanye abasijongela phantsi ngalo mba.
Ncedani nazise nonke, ukuba ukutyikitywa kwencwadi yegolide yezokhenketho ibingengombhiyozo nje wethu, kuba ngokwenza eso senzo siqaphele indima ebalulekileyo kwezopolitiko nakwezoqoqosho enokuyidlala kukhenketho kumazwe ethu amabini nakwilizwekazi lethu. . Sizimisele ekusebenziseni eli candelo njengeyona nto iphambili ekukhuleni koqoqosho lwethu.
Mandithathe eli thuba ndiphinde ukuzibophelela ekuzimiseleni kweZimbabwe kwimigaqo-siseko kunye nemithetho-siseko yeZizwe eziManyeneyo, nangona sithwaxwa zizinto ezimbi ezenzeka kwamanye amagunya amakhulu kwezoqoqosho nakwezomkhosi alawula lo mbutho.
Saneliseke kakhulu kukuba iZizwe eziManyeneyo zingumbutho obalulekileyo kulo lonke uluntu. Sivuya kakhulu ukuba iarhente yayo ekhethekileyo efana ne-UNICEF kunye ne UNWTO zinempembelelo ekhulayo kwintlalontle yoluntu.
UGqirha Rifai, manene nani manenekazi ugxininiso lombutho wenu kukhenketho oluzinzileyo luhambelana kakhulu nokubaluleka kweZimbabwe kwimigaqo yophuhliso ngokulingana kunye nokuxhotyiswa kwabantu.
Kungenxa yeso sizathu ke, ukuba, ngaphandle kokuzibekela, ndinenkxaso epheleleyo kwiZambia neZimbabwe yokubamba le ndibano. Ndonwabile kakhulu ukuba umbutho uthathe isigqibo sokubamba iNdibano yeZizwe eziManyeneyo apha. Obu bungqina bubonisa ukuzibophelela kwemibutho kuphuhliso lwezokhenketho eAfrika.
Oku kuyinyani, njengoko kufanele ukuba kunjalo. Imeko yangoku apho iAfrika inesabelo seepesenti ezine kuphela kwingeniso yokhenketho lwehlabathi, ngaphandle kobutyebi bayo bendalo nenkcubeko kwezokhenketho ngumcimbi oxhalabisa kakhulu kuthi.
Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi xa ubonwa kukukhanya apho uNobhala Jikelele, ubalule amanqaku athile kwiPhepha leNgcacisonkqubo lonyaka ka-2010. Kwelo phepha, ukrwele ukomelela kwecandelo lezokhenketho ngamaxesha obunzima bezoqoqosho, nditsho nangexesha loxinzelelo lwezoqoqosho, kunye amandla okunciphisa intlupheko ngokuziphatha kwayo okuhle kwiiprojekthi zoluntu ezinokuthi zikhokelwe ngabasetyhini nolutsha. Ezi zibaluleke kakhulu kuthi.
Ngokubhekiselele koku, kufuneka ndigqibezele ngokubhala phantsi umbulelo wethu ngoncedo abalufumeneyo UNWTO iye yanabela kuthi le kude njengommandla. Oku kade kuquke inkxaso yobugcisa eyandiswe kwiSADC, ngokusebenzisa iRETOSA, apho le yokugqibela ifumene uncedo malunga nokusekwa kweTourism Satellite Accounting System (TSAS). I-TSAS iya kusinceda ukuba siphendule ngokupheleleyo ngegalelo elipheleleyo lokhenketho kwi-GDP yethu yesizwe neyengingqi.
Kwakhona ndiphawula ngolwaneliseko olukhulu ukuba UNWTO iwavumile amalinge asekwe eluntwini eZimbabwe, kwaye inkqubo yabo yoKhenketho oluZinzileyo yokunciphisa intlupheko (STEP) iza kuqhutywa phantsi komxholo othi “Ukuphucula intatho-nxaxheba yolutsha nabasetyhini kwicandelo lezokhenketho.”
Esi sisixhobo esisebenzayo sokuxhobisa esiza kukhuthaza ubulungisa kunye nokufikelela kwingeniso yokhenketho. Ikwavakala kanobom nabantu abaxhasa amaphulo alandelwa ngurhulumente wam.
Imixholo ojolise ukuyilandela kule nkomfa ishwankathelwe ngamabinzana okubambisa 'Imida evulekileyo kunye nesibhakabhaka esivulekileyo, kususa imiqobo ekukhuleni kwezokhenketho eAfrika.' zilunge kakhulu kumaxesha ethu.
Akukho ndlela i-Afrika inokunyusa ngayo inxalenye yayo yekeyiki yokhenketho lwehlabathi ngaphandle kokuqala ikhuthaze uhambo lwangaphakathi kwe-Afrika. Ngenene unxibelelwano lwezixeko zaseAfrika, imimandla kunye nomtsalane luvula kakuhle ukukhulisa isabelo se-Afrika, njengoko isebenza, ekugqibeleni, ukudibanisa imveliso yezokhenketho yaseAfrika kunye nokuthengisa nokwazisa kwayo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe nomtsalane ngakumbi kumhambi omde kunokuba kunjalo. ngoku.
Isidingo semida evulekileyo, ngolawulo lwee-visa zommandla, esizama ukumilisela e-UNIVISA ngeRETOSA, ayizukuvumela kuphela ukuhamba ngokulula phakathi kwabemi be-SADC, iya kwenza kube lula kutyelelo olude kunye namtyali mali.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba i-Afrika iguqule ubuchule oburhwebesha abakhenkethi kwilizwekazi. Oku kubaluleke nangakumbi xa kujongwa iinzame zaseYurophu zokugcina iidola zokhenketho ngaphakathi kweZowuni ze-Euro, ngokumisela irhafu yokuhamba ngenqwelomoya kwabo bahamba phakathi kwabo.
Uhlobo lomda ongenamthungo phakathi kwedolophu yaseLivingstone kunye nedolophu yaseVictoria Falls ebekwe ngenjongo yale nkomfa kufuneka ibe ngumthetho ngaphandle kokukhetha, kubo bonke abantu abakufutshane nemida yezokhenketho kwi-SADC, kwaye ekugqibeleni kwi-Afrika iphela. I-Afrika inokuxhamla kuphela ekuziphatheni ngokuziphatha njengemarike enye. ”
Qabane uMongameli Sata, lithemba lam eliqinisekileyo lokuba iphupha kunye nombono wabaseki be-Afrika ezimeleyo, yase-United States yase-Afrika iyakuba yinyani ngenye imini kungekudala.
Imisitho efana nale, uNobhala Jikelele, oyakhileyo wayibeka 'njengeNdibano yeZizwe eziManyeneyo,' inokuba nincinci, kodwa ibaluleke kakhulu ekufezekisweni kwequmrhu elidibeneyo lezoqoqosho nezopolitiko elibizwa ngokuba yiAfrika.
Zinkosi zakho, ndwendwe ezibekekileyo, manene nani manenekazi, ndiyanamkela kwiVictoria Falls kwaye ndininqwenelela okuhle kodwa kwingxoxo yenu nakwisigqibo senu. Nceda uzonwabele ngokwamkela iindwendwe zaseAfrika. Apha uya kuthi rhoqo kusasa uvuke ngokuntyiloza kweentaka zethu kunye nokukhanya kwelanga laseAfrika, kwaye ekupheleni kosuku ngalunye uye kulala phantsi kwesibhakabhaka esigcwele iinkwenkwezi eAfrika.
Ngala mazwi, ndibhengeza iSeshini yama-20 ye UNWTO INdibano Jikelele ivulwe ngokusesikweni.”
Ngubani uRobert Mugabe?
URobert Mugabe wazalwa nge-21 kaFebruwari 1924, eKutama, kwiRhodesia eseMazantsi (ngoku eyiZimbabwe). Ngo-1963, waseka i-ZANU, umbutho ochasene nolawulo lobukoloniyali baseBritane. UMugabe waba yinkulumbuso yeRiphabhlikhi yaseZimbabwe entsha emva kokuphela kolawulo lwaseBritane ngo-1980, emva koko wathabatha isikhundla sokuba ngumongameli kwiminyaka esixhenxe kamva. UMugabe ugcine amandla abambelele ngamandla, kunyulo olunempikiswano, de kwanyanzeleka ukuba arhoxe ngoNovemba 2017, eneminyaka engama-93.
Iminyaka emiNcinci kunye neMfundo
URobert Gabriel Mugabe wazalwa nge-21 kaFebruwari 1924, eKutama, kwiRhodesia eseMazantsi (ngoku eyiZimbabwe), kwiinyanga nje ezimbalwa emva kokuba uMzantsi Rhodesia waba yithanga laseBritane. Ngenxa yoko, abantu belali yakhe babecinezelwe yimithetho emitsha kwaye bajongana nemida yokufunda kunye namathuba emisebenzi.
Uyise kaMugabe wayengumchweli. Waya kusebenza kwimishini yamaJesuit eMzantsi Afrika xa uMugabe wayeseyinkwenkwana, kwaye ngokumangalisayo akazange abuyele ekhaya. Umama kaMugabe, utitshala, wasala ekhulisa uMugabe kunye nabantakwabo abathathu bebodwa. Njengomntwana, uMugabe wanceda ngokugcina iinkomo zosapho kunye nokwenza imali ngemisebenzi engaqhelekanga
Nangona abantu abaninzi kwiRhodesia eseMazantsi beya kuphela kwisikolo segrama, uMugabe waba nethamsanqa lokufumana imfundo elungileyo. Waye esikolweni kwisikolo sase Jesuit phantsi kweliso lomlawuli wesikolo u-Father O'Hea. Impembelelo enamandla kwinkwenkwe, u-O'Hea wafundisa uMugabe ukuba bonke abantu mabaphathwe ngokulinganayo kwaye bafundiswe ukufezekisa amandla abo. Abafundisi-ntsapho bakaMugabe, ababembiza ngokuba "ngumfana okrelekrele," babesele beqonda ukuba ubuchule bakhe buninzi.
Ixabiso u-O'Hea alinike abafundi bakhe lahlangana noMugabe, emqhubela ekubeni abadlulise ngokuba ngutitshala ngokwakhe. Kwisithuba seminyaka esithoba, wafunda ngasese ngelixa efundisa kwizikolo ezininzi zeemishini eMzantsi Rhodesia. UMugabe waqhubekeka nemfundo yakhe kwiDyunivesithi yaseFort Hare eMzantsi Afrika, waphumelela isidanga seBachelor of Arts kwimbali kunye nesiNgesi ngo-1951. UMugabe wabuyela kowabo ukuya kufundisa khona. Ngo-1953, wayesele efumene isidanga sakhe seBachelor of Education ngezifundo zembalelwano.
Ngo-1955, uMugabe wafudukela eMantla Rhodesia. Apho, wafundisa iminyaka emine kwiKholeji yoQeqesho yaseChalimbana ngelixa wayesebenza kwisidanga sakhe seBachelor of Science kwizoqoqosho ngokusebenzisa izifundo zembalelwano neDyunivesithi yaseLondon. Emva kokufudukela eGhana, uMugabe wagqiba isidanga sakhe sezoqoqosho ngo-1958. Waye wafundisa nakwiKholeji yaseSt. Mary's Training Training, apho wadibana khona nenkosikazi yakhe yokuqala, uSarah Heyfron, owayezakutshata ngo-1961. EGhana, uMugabe wazibhengeza njengoMarx, ukuxhasa iinjongo zikarhulumente waseGhana ngokubonelela ngamathuba alinganayo emfundo kwabo babekhethwe ngaphambili.
Inkqubela phambili kwezopolitiko
Ngo-1960, uRobert Mugabe wabuyela ekhayeni lakhe ngekhefu, ecwangcisa ukwazisa umlingane wakhe kunina. Ngokungalindelekanga, ekufikeni kwakhe, uMugabe wadibana notshintsho olukhulu eMazantsi eRhodesia. Amashumi amawaka eentsapho zabantsundu babefuduswe ngurhulumente omtsha wobukoloniyali, kwaye abantu abamhlophe babeqhushumbe. Urhulumente walukhaba ulawulo lwabaninzi abamnyama, olukhokelela kuqhanqalazo olunobundlobongela. UMugabe naye wayecaphuka yile nto yokungahoywa kwamalungelo abantu abamnyama. NgoJulayi 1960, wavuma ukuthetha nesihlwele kuqhankqalazo lwango-Matshi lwama-7,000, olwalubanjelwe kwiHolo yeDolophu yaseSalisbury. Injongo yendibano ibikukuba amalungu ombutho ophikisayo aqhankqalaze ukubanjwa kweenkokheli zawo. Wazifaka isinyithi ebusweni besoyikiso samapolisa, uMugabe uxelele abaqhankqalazi malunga nendlela iGhana ephumelele ngayo inkululeko kwi-Marxism.
Kwiiveki nje emva koko, uMugabe wanyulwa njengonobhala woluntu we-National Democratic Party. Ngokuhambelana neemodeli zaseGhana, uMugabe wakhawuleza wahlanganisa iqela lolutsha elalisasaza iindaba malunga nokuzimela kwabantu abamnyama eRhodesia. Urhulumente wavala umbutho ekupheleni kuka-1961, kodwa abalandeli abaseleyo badibana ukuze benze umbutho owawungowokuqala eRhodesia. Umbutho wabantu baseZimbabwe (ZAPU) wakhula ngokukhawuleza waba ngamalungu angama-450,000.
Inkokheli yomanyano, u-Joshua Nkomo, wamenywa ukuba adibane neZizwe eziManyeneyo, ezazinyanzelisa i-Bhritane ukuba imise umgaqo-siseko wayo kwaye iphinde ilungise umxholo wolawulo lwesininzi. Kodwa, njengokuba ixesha lihambile kwaye kungekho nto itshintshileyo, uMugabe kunye nabanye bakhathazekile kuba uNkomo akazange anyanzelise ngomhla oqinisekileyo wotshintsho kumgaqo-siseko. Wayekhathazeke kakhulu, kangangokuba ngo-Epreli ka-1961, uMugabe waxoxa esidlangalaleni ngokuqala komlo we-guerilla-de waya kuthi gxada emapoliseni, "Sithatha eli lizwe kwaye asizukunyamezela obu bubhanxa."
Ukuyilwa kweZANU
Ngo-1963, uMugabe kunye nabanye ababesakuba ngabaxhasi bakaNkomo basungula umbutho wabo wokuchasa, owawubizwa ngokuba yiZimbabwe African National Union (ZANU), eTanzania. Buyela eMzantsi Rhodesia kamva kwakuloo nyaka, amapolisa abamba uMugabe amthumela kwintolongo yaseHwahwa. UMugabe uza kuhlala entolongweni ngaphezulu kweshumi leminyaka, esuswa kwiNtolongo yaseHwahwa esiwa e-Sikombela Detention Centre kwaye kamva esiya kwiNtolongo iSalisbury. Ngo-1964, ngelixa wayesentolongweni, uMugabe wayexhomekeke kunxibelelwano oluyimfihlo lokumilisela imisebenzi yabanqolobi ukukhulula iRhodesia yaseMzantsi kulawulo lwaseBritane.
Ngomnyaka we-1974, u-Nkulumbuso u-Ian Smith, owathi uzakufezekisa umthetho wobuninzi kodwa wavuma ukuthembeka kurhulumente wobukoloniyali wase-Bhritane, wavumela u-Mugabe ukuba ashiye ijele aye kwinkomfa eyayise-Lusaka, e-Zambia (eyayisakuba yi-Northern Rhodesia). UMugabe wasinda wabuyela ngaphesheya komda waya e-Rhodesia eseMazantsi, wahlanganisa iqela labaqeqeshi bamaphekula aseRhodesia apha endleleni. Iimfazwe zaqhubeka ngo-1970. Ekupheleni kwelo shumi leminyaka, uqoqosho lwaseZimbabwe lwalusesimeni esibi kunakuqala. Ngo-1979, emva kokuba uSmith wazama ngelize ukufikelela kwisivumelwano noMugabe, i-Bhritane yavuma ukubeka iliso kutshintsho kulawulo lwabaninzi abamnyama kwaye i-UN yasusa isohlwayo.
Ngo-1980, uMazantsi eRhodesia wakhululeka kulawulo lwamaBritane kwaye waba yiRiphabhlikhi yaseZimbabwe ezimeleyo. Ebaleka phantsi kwebhanile yeqela le-ZANU, uMugabe wanyulwa njengenkulumbuso yiriphabliki entsha, emva kokulwa noNkomo. Ngo-1981, kwaqhambuka idabi phakathi kweZANU neZAPU ngenxa yee-ajenda zabo ezingafaniyo. Ngo-1985, uMugabe wonyulwa kwakhona njengoko umlo uqhubeka. Ngo-1987, xa iqela labathunywa bevangeli labulawa kabuhlungu ngabaxhasi bakaMugabe, uMugabe noNkomo ekugqibeleni bavuma ukudibanisa iimanyano zabo kwiZANU-Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF) kwaye bagxile ekubuyiseni uqoqosho lwesizwe.
KaMongameli
Kwisithuba nje seveki semvumelwano sobumbano, uMugabe wonyulwa njengoMongameli waseZimbabwe. Ukhethe uNkomo njengomnye wabaphathiswa abaphezulu. Eyona njongo yokuqala kaMugabe yayikukuhlengahlengisa kunye nokulungisa uqoqosho lweli olusilelayo. Ngo-1989, wazimisela ukuphumeza isicwangciso seminyaka emihlanu, esanciphisa ukuthintelwa kwamaxabiso kumafama, ebavumela ukuba bazikhethele amaxabiso abo. Ngo-1994, ekupheleni kwesithuba seminyaka emihlanu, uqoqosho lwalubone ukukhula okuthile kumashishini ezolimo, ezemigodi nawokwenza imveliso. UMugabe ukongeze ekwakheni iikliniki kunye nezikolo zabamnyama. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, umfazi kaMugabe, uSarah, wasweleka, emkhulula ukuba atshate nenkosikazi yakhe, uGrace Marufu.
Ngo-1996, izigqibo zikaMugabe zase ziqalisile ukudala uqhushululu phakathi kwabemi baseZimbabwe, ababekhe bamncoma njengegorha lokukhokelela ilizwe kwinkululeko. Abaninzi balucaphukela ukhetho lwakhe lokuxhasa ukuthathwa komhlaba wabamhlophe ngaphandle kwembuyekezo kubanini bawo, into leyo uMugabe ayinyanzayo yayikukuphela kwendlela yokulinganisa indawo yokudlala yezoqoqosho kubantu abaninzi abamnyama. Abemi nabo babecaphuka ngenxa yokwala kukaMugabe ukulungisa umgaqo-siseko weqela elinye laseZimbabwe. Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso aphezulu ngomnye umbandela obuhlungu, okukhokelele kugwayimbo lwabasebenzi bakarhulumente lokunyuswa kwemivuzo. Ukunyuselwa ngokwakho umvuzo kwamagosa aseburhulumenteni kwayongeza ingqumbo yoluntu kulawulo lukaMugabe.
Izichaso kwizicwangciso zobupolitika zikaMugabe zaqhubeka zithintela impumelelo yakhe. Ngo-1998, xa wayebongoza amanye amazwe ukuba anikele ngemali kulwabiwo lomhlaba, amazwe athi akazukunikela ngaphandle kokuba aqale ngokwenza inkqubo yokunceda uqoqosho lwasemaphandleni oluhlwempuzekileyo. UMugabe wala, kwaye amazwe ala ukwamkela.
Ngo-2000, uMugabe wapasisa isilungiso kumgaqo-siseko owawusenza i-Bhritane ihlawule imbuyekezo ngomhlaba ewuthathile kwabantsundu. UMugabe ubanga ukuba uza kuwuthatha umhlaba wase-Bhritane njengembuyekezo ukuba bayasilela ukuhlawula. Esi silungiso sibeka uxinzelelo kubudlelwane bamanye amazwe eZimbabwe.
Okwangoku, uMugabe, owayenxibe ngendlela egcinakeleyo owayenxibe iihempe ezimibalabala enobuso bakhe, waphumelela unyulo luka-2002. Ukuqikelela ukuba wayefake ibhokisi yokuvota kukhokelele i-European Union ukuba ibeke isithintelo seengalo kunye nezinye isohlwayo kwezoqoqosho eZimbabwe. Ngeli xesha uqoqosho lwaseZimbabwe lwalukufuphi namabhodlo. Indlala, ubhubhane onguGawulayo, ityala langaphandle nokunqongophala kwemisebenzi kugqugqise ilizwe. Ukanti uMugabe wayezimisele ukugcina i-ofisi yakhe kwaye wenza njalo nangayiphi na indlela eyimfuneko- kubandakanya ubundlobongela nobuqhetseba-ukuphumelela ivoti kunyulo lwepalamente lowama-2005.
Ukwalelwa kuCede Power
Ngomhla wamashumi amabini anethoba kwinyanga yoKwindla ngo-29, xa wayephulukene nonyulo luka-Mongameli u-Morgan Tsvangirai, inkokheli yeqela eliphikisayo le-Movement for Democratic Change (MDC), uMugabe wayengazimiselanga kukhulula iintambo wafuna ukubalwa kwakhona. Unyulo lwe-runoff lwaluzakubanjwa ngoJuni. Ngeli xesha, abalandeli beMDC babehlaselwa ngogonyamelo babulawa ngamalungu aphikisayo kaMugabe. Xa uMugabe evakalisa esidlangalaleni ukuba ngalo lonke ixesha lokuphila kwakhe, ngekhe amyeke uTsvangirai alawule iZimbabwe, uTsvangirai wagqiba kwelokuba ukusebenzisa amandla kukaMugabe kuya kuthintela ivoti ku-Mugabe nokuba kunjalo, kwaye warhoxa.
Ukwala kukaMugabe ukunikezela ngamandla kamongameli kwakhokelela kolunye uqhushululu olunobuzaza olonzakalisa amawaka lwakhokelela ekuswelekeni kwabangama-85 babaxhasi bakaTsvangirai. NgoSeptemba, uMugabe noTsvangirai bavumelana ngesivumelwano sokwabelana ngamagunya. Waze wazimisela ukuhlala kulawulo, uMugabe usakwazi ukugcina uninzi lwamandla ngokulawula imikhosi yezokhuseleko nokukhetha iinkokheli kwezona ndawo zibalulekileyo kubulungiseleli.
Ukuphela kuka-2010, uMugabe uthathe amanyathelo ongezelelweyo okuthatha ulawulo olupheleleyo lweZimbabwe ngokukhetha abalawuli bethutyana ngaphandle kokudibana noTsvangirai. Intambo yozakuzo yaseMelika ibonakalise ukuba uMugabe usenokuba ulwa nomhlaza wedlala lobudoda kunyaka olandelayo. Isityholo siphakamise inkxalabo yoluntu malunga nokubhukuqwa komkhosi xa kusweleke uMugabe nge-ofisi. Abanye bavakalise inkxalabo malunga nemfazwe yangaphakathi enobundlobongela ngaphakathi kwe-ZANU-PF, ukuba abagqatswa bafuna ukukhuphisana ukuze bangene ezihlangwini zikaMugabe.
Unyulo luka-2013
Nge-10 kaDisemba ngo-2011, kwiNkomfa yaBantu kaZwelonke eyayiseBulawayo, uMugabe wabhengeza ngokusesikweni isicelo sakhe sokonyula umongameli waseZimbabwe ngo-2012. Unyulo luye lwarhoxiswa, nanjengoko omabini la macala evumelene ngokuqulunqa umgaqo-siseko omtsha, aza amiselwa u-2013. Abantu baseZimbabwe baphuma beyokuxhasa uxwebhu olutsha ngo-Matshi 2013, belwamkela kwi-referendum yomgaqo-siseko, nangona uninzi lwalukholelwa ukuba lowama-2013 Unyulo lukaMongameli lwaluza kuphazamiseka yinkohlakalo kunye nobundlobongela.
Ngokutsho Reuters ingxelo, abameli abavela phantse kwimibutho yoluntu engama-60 kweli lizwe bakhalaza ngokuchasene noMugabe nabaxhasi bakhe. Ngokugxeka uMugabe, amalungu ala maqela aphantsi koyikiso, ukubanjwa kunye nezinye iindlela zentshutshiso. Kwakukho nombuzo wokuba ngubani oza kuvunyelwa ukuba abeke esweni inkqubo yokuvota. UMugabe uthe akazukuvumela abantu baseNtshona babeke iliso kunyulo lwelizwe.
Ngo-Matshi, uMugabe waya e-Roma ukuya kwindibano yokuvulwa kuka-Pope Francis, owayesandula ukubizwa njengopopu. UMugabe uxelele oonondaba ukuba upopu omtsha makatyelele i-Afrika kwaye wathi, "Siyathemba ukuba uzakusithatha sonke abantwana bakhe ngendlela efanayo, ngesiseko sokulingana, nesiseko sokuba sonke emehlweni kaThixo siyalingana," Ngokwengxelo I-Associated Press.
Ekupheleni kukaJulayi 2013, phakathi kwengxoxo malunga nolonyulo lwangoku nolwalulindelwe kakhulu e-Zimbabwe, uMugabe oneminyaka engama-89 ubudala waba sematheni xa wayebuzwa ukuba ucebe na ukuphinda alungenele unyulo luka-2018 (wayezakuba ngu-94 ngelo xesha) yintatheli The New York Times, waphendula wathi umongameli, "Kutheni ufuna ukwazi iimfihlo zam?" Ngoku ka The Washington PostUmchasi kaMugabe, uTsvangirai, watyhola amagosa onyulo ngokuphosa phantse i-70,000 yeebhaloti endaweni yakhe.
Kwasekuqaleni kuka-Agasti, ikomishini yonyulo eZimbabwe yabhengeza uMugabe njengophumeleleyo kugqatso lobumongameli. Ufumene iipesenti ezingama-61 zevoti kunye noTsvangirai efumana kuphela iipesenti ezingama-34, ngokuka BBC News. UTsvangirai kulindeleke ukuba amisele umceli mngeni ngokuchasene neziphumo zonyulo. Ngokwe- Guardian Iphephandaba, uTsvangirai uthe unyulo “alubonakalisanga intando yabantu. Andiqondi ukuba nkqu nabo baseAfrika abaye benza izinto ngendlela engathethekiyo bavote ngolu hlobo. ”
Ukubanjwa koMmi waseMelika
Ngo-Novemba ka-2017 owasetyhini waseMelika owayehlala eZimbabwe wabekwa ityala lokuchitha urhulumente kunye nokujongela phantsi igunya-okanye ukuthukisa-umongameli.
Ngokwabatshutshisi, uMmangalelwa, uMartha O'Donovan, umququzeleli weprojekthi ye-activist Magamba Network, "ebefuna ukubhebhethekisa izidubedube zezopolitiko ngokwandisa, ukuphuhlisa kunye nokusebenzisa uthungelwano olunobunkunkqele kumaqonga eendaba ezentlalo kunye nokusebenzisa iTwitter. iiakhawunti. ” Wajongana neminyaka engama-20 entolongweni ngenxa yezityholo.
Ukubanjwa kwabangela inkxalabo yokuba urhulumente kaMugabe wayezama ukulawula imithombo yeendaba phambi kolonyulo lwesizwe lowama-2018.
Ukuthatha umkhosi kunye nokuyeka umsebenzi
Ngeli xesha, imeko ebihlasimlisa ngakumbi iyavela eZimbabwe ngokuqala kwento eyayibonakala ngathi kukuvukelwa komkhosi. Nge-14 kaNovemba, kungekudala emva kokuba uMugabe egxothiwe usekela-mongameli u-Emmerson Mnangagwa, amatanki abonwa kwikomkhulu leli, iHarare. Kwakusasa ngentsasa elandelayo, isithethi somkhosi savela kumabonwakude sazisa ukuba emkhosini ukwiphulo lokubamba izaphuli-mthetho "ezibangela ukubandezeleka kwezentlalo nezoqoqosho kweli lizwe ukuze baziswe ematyaleni."
Isithethi sigxininise ukuba oku ibingekuko ukuthatha umkhosi kwezomkhosi, esithi, "Sinqwenela ukuqinisekisa isizwe ukuba ukugqwesa kukamongameli… nosapho lwakhe bakhuselekile kwaye baphilile kwaye ukhuseleko lwabo luqinisekisiwe." Ngelo xesha, uMugabe wayengaziwa ukuba uphi, kodwa kwaqinisekiswa kamva ukuba wayevalelwe ekhayeni lakhe.
Ngosuku olulandelayo, iZimbabwe IHerald upapashe iifoto zikamongameli owalupheleyo ekhaya, kunye nabanye abasemagunyeni nakwezomkhosi. Amagosa axelwe ukuba axoxa ngokumiliselwa korhulumente wotshintsho, nangona kungekho ingxelo yoluntu eyenziweyo ngalo mbandela.
Nge-17 ka-Novemba, uMugabe waphinda wavela esidlangalaleni kumsitho wokuthweswa izidanga eyunivesithi, inkangeleko ekukholelwa ukuba iyagquma isiphithiphithi esenzeka emfihlekweni. Emva kokwala ekuqaleni ukusebenzisana nezicwangciso ezicetywayo zokumsusa ngoxolo emandleni, umongameli waxela ukuba avume ukubhengeza umhlala phantsi ngexesha lentetho kamabonakude eyayilungiselelwe uNovemba 19.
Nangona kunjalo, uMugabe khange athethe ngokuthatha umhlalaphantsi ngexesha lentetho, endaweni yoko wanyanzelisa ukuba azakubamba ingqungquthela kaDisemba yombutho olawulayo we-ZANU-PF. Ngenxa yoko, kwabhengezwa ukuba umbutho uzakuqalisa iinkqubo zokumvotela ngaphandle kwamandla.
Nge-22 kaNovemba, kungekudala emva kweseshini edibeneyo yePalamente yaseZimbabwe eyayibambe ivoti yokuchasa umthetho, isithethi safunda ileta evela kumongameli owayebambekile. "Ndirhoxile ukuvumela ukuhanjiswa kwamandla," ubhale watsho uMugabe. "Nceda wazise eluntwini ngesigqibo sam ngokukhawuleza."
Ukuphela kokuhlala kukaMugabe iminyaka engama-37 kwahlangatyezwa ngentswahla evela kumalungu ePalamente, kunye nemibhiyozo kwizitalato zaseZimbabwe. Ngokwesithethi se-ZANU-PF, owayesakuba ngusekela mongameli Mnangagwa uzakuthatha isikhundla sobongameli kwaye asebenze ixesha eliseleyo likaMugabe kude kube lunyulo lowama-2018.
Ngaphambi nje konyulo lwango-Julayi 30, 2018, uMugabe wathi akanakumxhasa lowo wangena ezihlangwini zakhe, u-Mnangagwa, emva kokunyanzelwa ukuba aphume "ngumbutho endawusungulayo," kwaye wacebisa ukuba inkokheli yeqela eliphikisayo u-Nelson Chamisa we-MDC kuphela komgqatswa wobongameli. Oko kwaveza impendulo eqinileyo kuMnangagwa, owathi, "Kucacile kubo bonke ukuba uChamisa wenze isivumelwano noMugabe, asisakwazi ukukholelwa ukuba iinjongo zakhe kukuguqula iZimbabwe nokwakha isizwe sethu."
Uxinzelelo malunga nolonyulo luye lwaphumela eluntwini, kunye nemiboniso eguqula ubundlongondlongo malunga nento eyabhengezwa njengempumelelo yepalamente ye-ZANU-PF kunye noloyiso lukaMnangagwa. Usihlalo weMDC uMorgan Komichi uthe umbutho wakhe uzakusicel'umngeni kwisiphumo enkundleni.
