IATA: Intsingiselo yokunxibelelana komoya kwilizwe lonke isongela ukubuyiselwa koqoqosho lwehlabathi

The Umbutho wamazwe ngamazwe oThutho loMoya (IATA) ikhuphe idatha etyhila ukuba ingxaki ye-COVID-19 ibe nefuthe elibi kunxibelelwano lwamazwe aphesheya, ishukumisa ubume beyona dolophu inxulumene nomhlaba. 
 

• ILondon, esona sixeko siphambili esidibene nabantu ngoSeptemba 2019, ibone ukwehla kwe-67% kunxibelelwano. NgoSeptemba 2020, yayiwele kwinani lesibhozo. 
   
• IShanghai ngoku sesona sixeko siphezulu kwindawo yoqhakamshelwano kunye nezona zixeko zixakeke kakhulu eChina — eShanghai, eBeijing, eGuangzhou naseChengdu. 
   
• INew York (-66% iwela kunxibelelwano), iTokyo (-65%), iBangkok (-81%), iHong Kong (-81%) kunye neSeoul (-69%) bonke baphume kwishumi eliphezulu. 
   

Olu phononongo lutyhila ukuba izixeko ezinamanani amakhulu oxhulumaniso lwasekhaya ngoku zilawula, zibonisa ubungakanani bokunxibelelana kwamazwe jikelele kuye kwavalwa.

“Utshintsho olukhulu kumgangatho wonxibelelwano lubonisa isikali apho unxibelelwano lwehlabathi luye lwayalelwa kwakhona kwezi nyanga zidlulileyo. Kodwa inqaku elibalulekileyo kukuba inqanaba alitshintshanga ngenxa yalo naluphi na uphuculo kunxibelelwano. Oko kwehlile ngokubanzi kuzo zonke iimarike. Izikhundla zatshintshiwe kuba isikali sokwehla sasisikhulu kwezinye iidolophu kunabanye. Akukho bantu baphumeleleyo, kuphela ngabadlali abaye bafumana ukulimala okumbalwa. Ngethuba nje elifutshane siyichithile inkulungwane yenkqubela phambili ekuziseni abantu kunye nokudibanisa iimarike. Umyalezo ekufuneka siwuthathile kolu phononongo yimfuno engxamisekileyo yokwakha ngokutsha uthungelwano lwezothutho lomoya, ”utshilo uSebastian Mikosz, uSekela Mongameli oPhezulu we-IATA kubuLungu bangaphandle.

Intlanganiso ka-76 yoNyaka ka-IATA icele oorhulumente ukuba bavule ngokukhuselekileyo imida besebenzisa uvavanyo. Uvavanyo olucwangcisiweyo lwabahambi sisisombululo esikhawulezileyo sokwakha kwakhona unxibelelwano esiphulukene nalo. Itekhnoloji ikhona. Izikhokelo zokuphunyezwa ziphuhlisiwe. Ngoku kufuneka siphumeze, ngaphambi kokuba umonakalo kuthungelwano lothutho lomoya lwehlabathi lube yinto engenakulungiseka, ”utshilo uMikosz.

Ukuthuthwa komoya kuyinjini ephambili yoqoqosho lwehlabathi. Ngamaxesha aqhelekileyo eminye imisebenzi engama-88 yezigidi kunye ne-3.5 yezigidi zeedola kwi-GDP ixhaswa ngumbutho wezindiza. Ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha sale ngqesho nexabiso lezoqoqosho lisemngciphekweni wokuwa kwemfuno zohambo lomoya kwihlabathi liphela. “Oorhulumente kufuneka baqonde ukuba kukho iziphumo ezingundoqo kubomi babantu nendlela yokuphila. Ubuncinane yimisebenzi ezizigidi ezingama-46 exhaswa zizithuthi zomoya esemngciphekweni. Kwaye amandla okubuyiselwa kwezoqoqosho asuka kwi-COVID-19 azokuphazamiseka kakhulu ngaphandle kwenkxaso yenethiwekhi esebenzayo yezothutho lomoya, utshilo uMikosz.

Isalathiso sokunxibelelana komoya se-IATA silinganisa indlela ezidityaniswe ngayo izixeko zelizwe kwezinye iidolophu kwihlabathi liphela, ezibaluleke kakhulu kurhwebo, ukhenketho, utyalomali kunye nokunye ukuhamba koqoqosho. Ngumlinganiso odityanisiweyo obonisa inani lezihlalo ezihanjiswayo ukuya kwiindawo ezinikezelwa kwizikhululo zeenqwelo moya ezinkulu zelizwe kunye nokubaluleka kwezoqoqosho kwezo ndawo.

Iimpembelelo ze-COVID-19 kunxibelelwano lwengingqi (ngo-Epreli 2019-Epreli 2020, umlinganiso we-IATA yoQhagamshelo lwesilinganiselo)

iAfrika yafumana i-93% yokwehla kunxibelelwano. I-Ethiopia ikwazile ukuyiphelisa imeko. Ngexesha lokuphakama kokuqala kwesifo ngo-Epreli 2020, i-Ethiopia igcine unxibelelwano kunye neendawo ezingama-88 zamazwe aphesheya. Iimarike ezininzi zokuhamba ngenqanawa ezixhomekeke kukhenketho, ezinje nge-Egypt, uMzantsi Afrika kunye neMorocco, zichaphazeleke kakhulu.  

Asia-Pacific wabona ukwehla kwe-76% kunxibelelwano. Iimarike ezinamandla zokuhamba ngenqwelomoya zasekhaya, ezinje ngeTshayina, iJapan kunye noMzantsi Korea zenze ngcono phakathi kwamazwe axhumene kakhulu kulo mmandla. Ngaphandle kweemarike ezinkulu zasekhaya zokuhamba ngenqwelomoya, iThailand ichaphazele kakubi mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuthembela okuphezulu kwelizwe kukhenketho lwamanye amazwe. 

iYurophu Amava okuwa kwe-93% kunxibelelwano. Amazwe aseYurophu abone ukwehla okubonakalayo kwiimarike ezininzi, nangona uqhagamshelo lwaseRussia lubambe bhetele kunamazwe aseNtshona Yurophu.

Phakathi empuma amazwe abone ukunxibelelana kwehla nge-88%. Ngaphandle kweQatar, amanqanaba oxhulumaniso ancitshiswe ngaphezulu kwe-85% yamazwe amahlanu axhumene kakhulu kulo mmandla. Ngaphandle kokuvalwa kwemida, iQatar ivumele abakhweli ukuba bahambe phakathi kweenqwelomoya. Ikwayindawo ebalulekileyo yokuhambisa imithwalo yomoya.

North America Unxibelelwano lwehlile ngama-73%. Unxibelelwano lwaseCanada (-85% ukwehla) lubethwe kakhulu kune-United States (-72%). Ngokuyinxenye, oku kubonisa imakethi enkulu yezokubhabha yasekhaya eUnited States, ethi nangona ukwehla okukhulu kwabahambi, kuqhubeke ukuxhasa unxibelelwano. 

ilatin America ifumene i-91% yokuwa kunxibelelwano. IMexico neChile ziqhube ngcono kakhulu kunamanye amazwe adityanisiweyo, mhlawumbi ngenxa yexesha lokutshixwa kwamakhaya kula mazwe nendlela anyanzeliswa ngokungqongqo ngayo. 

Ngaphambi kobhubhane

Phambi kobhubhane we-COVID-19, ukukhula koqhakamshelwano lomoya yayiyimpumelelo yebali lehlabathi. Kule minyaka ingamashumi amabini idlulileyo inani leedolophu ezinxityelelaniswe ngokuthe ngqo ngumoya (ukudibanisa izibini ezizixeko) ngaphezulu kokuphindeka kabini ngeli xesha linye, iindleko zohambo lomoya zehle ngesiqingatha.

Amazwe alishumi aphezulu axhumene kakhulu kwihlabathi abone ukonyuka okubonakalayo kwisithuba se-2014-2019. I-United States yahlala lelona lizwe linxibelelene kakhulu, nokukhula ngama-26%. I-China, kwindawo yesibini, ikhule ngokudibana nge-62%. Abanye abadlali ababalaseleyo kwezi zilishumi zibandakanya indawo yesine eIndiya (+ 89%) nendawo yesithoba iThailand (+ 62%).

Uphando lwe-IATA luvavanye izibonelelo zokonyuka kokunxibelelana komoya. Iziphumo zokuma kwezi zilandelayo:
 

• Unxibelelwano oluqinisekileyo phakathi konxibelelwano kunye nemveliso. Ukunyuka kwe-10% kunxibelelwano, xa kuthelekiswa ne-GDP yelizwe, kuya kukhulisa amanqanaba emveliso yabasebenzi nge-0.07%.
   
• Impembelelo inkulu kumazwe asaphuhlayo. Utyalomali kumandla othutho lomoya kumazwe apho unxibelelwano ngoku luphantsi kakhulu luya kuba nefuthe elikhulu kakhulu kwimveliso nakwimpumelelo yezoqoqosho kunenqanaba elifanayo lotyalo-mali kwilizwe elisaphuhlileyo.
   
• Ingeniso yezokhenketho inokuphinda ityalwe ukuze yenze iiasethi ezinkulu. Uthutho lomoya lunegalelo kumathuba engqesho amakhulu kunye nezibonelelo ezibanzi zoqoqosho ngeziphumo zekhenketho, ngakumbi kwiziqithi ezincinci. Kuqoqosho olusakhulayo lweemarike, kunokubakho ukunqongophala kwemfuno, ke inkcitho yezokhenketho inokugcwalisa isikhewu.
   
• Ingeniso yerhafu inyuka ukusuka kuphuculo lomsebenzi wezoqoqosho. Ukunxibelelana komoya kuququzelela imisebenzi yezoqoqosho kunye nokukhula kwilizwe elinikiweyo, elinokuba nefuthe elihle kwingeniso yorhulumente.