Iinkampani zeenqwelomoya ziyakwazi ukunyamezela

Abantu babhabha ngamanani angakumbi. Nangona kunjalo, ngaba kukho abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abaneleyo kunye nabasebenzi beenqwelo-moya ukuze bajongane nokuqaliswa okulindelweyo koshishino lwezophapho?

I-International Air Transport Association (IATA) icinga njalo. Umbutho weenqwelomoya kunye namalungu eenqwelo moya kwihlabathi liphela ubhengeze uphuculo kwimbonakalo yawo yokusebenza kwezemali kweshishini leenqwelomoya ngo-2022.

Oku kuza kunye nokuchacha kwintlekele ye-COVID-19.

Uqikelelo lwe-IATA luchazwe kwingxelo yeendaba ekhutshwe namhlanje:

• Ilahleko yoshishino kulindeleke ukuba yehle ukuya kutsho kwi- $9.7 yeebhiliyoni (ephuculweyo ukusuka kuqikelelo luka-Oktobha 2021 ngelahleko eyi-11.6 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi) kumda welahleko eyi--1.2%. Olo luphuculo olukhulu olusuka kwilahleko ye-137.7 yeebhiliyoni zeedola (-36.0% yomda) ngo-2020 kunye ne-42.1 yeebhiliyoni zeedola (-8.3% yomda) ngo-2021.
   
• Ingeniso kwishishini ngokubanzi ngo-2023 ibonakala ifikeleleka kuMntla Melika esele ilindelwe ukuba izise inzuzo eyi-8.8 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2022.
   
• Ukuphumelela kokusebenza kunye nokuphucula izivuno kunceda iinqwelo-moya ukunciphisa ilahleko nangona ukunyuka kwabasebenzi kunye neendleko zepetroli (eyokugqibela iqhutywe kukunyuka kwe-40% kwixabiso le-oyile yehlabathi kunye nokuqhekeka okwandisiweyo okusasazeka kulo nyaka).
   
• Ithemba loshishino kunye nokuzinikela ekuncitshisweni kwezinto ezikhutshwayo kuyabonakala kunikezelo olulindelekileyo lweenqwelomoya ezingaphezu kwe-1,200 ngo-2022.
   
• Imfuno eyomeleleyo yokulinda, ukunyuswa kwezithintelo zokuhamba kwiimarike ezininzi, intswela-ngqesho ephantsi kumazwe amaninzi, kunye nokonga okwandisiweyo komntu siqu kuphembelela ukuphinda kufuneke ukuba amanani abakhweli afikelele kwi-83% yamanqanaba angaphambi kobhubhane ngo-2022.
   
• Ngaphandle kwemiceli mngeni yezoqoqosho, umthamo wemithwalo kulindeleke ukuba ufikelele kwi-68.4 yezigidi zeetoni ngo-2022.

“Iinqwelo-moya ziyakwazi ukunyamezela. Abantu babhabha ngamanani angakumbi. Kwaye imithwalo iqhuba kakuhle xa kuthelekiswa nokukhula kokungaqiniseki kwezoqoqosho. Ilahleko iza kucuthwa iye kutsho kwi-9.7 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kulo nyaka kwaye inzuzo isondele ku-2023. Lixesha lokuba nethemba, nokuba kusekho imicelimngeni kwiindleko, ngakumbi amafutha, kunye nezithintelo ezibambekayo kwiimarike ezimbalwa eziphambili, "utshilo uWillie. Walsh, uMlawuli-Jikelele we-IATA.

Iingeniso ziyenyuka njengoko izithintelo ze-COVID-19 zilula kwaye abantu babuyela kuhambo. Umngeni ka-2022 kukugcina iindleko ziphantsi kolawulo.

“Ukuncipha kwelahleko kusisiphumo sokusebenza nzima ukugcina iindleko ziphantsi kolawulo njengoko ishishini lisanda. Uphuculo kwimbonakalo yezemali luvela kwiindleko zokubamba ukuya kunyuso lwe-44% ngelixa ingeniso inyuke nge-55%. Njengoko ishishini libuyela kumanqanaba aqhelekileyo emveliso kunye namaxabiso aphezulu epetroli anokuthi ahlale ixeshana, ingeniso iya kuxhomekeka kulawulo lweendleko oluqhubekayo. Kwaye oko kubandakanya ikhonkco lexabiso. Ababoneleli bethu, kubandakanywa nezikhululo zeenqwelo moya kunye nababoneleli ngeenkonzo zokuhamba emoyeni, kufuneka bagxile ekulawuleni iindleko njengabathengi babo ukuxhasa ukubuyiswa kweshishini, "utshilo uWalsh.

Ingeniso yeshishini kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kwi-782 yeebhiliyoni zeedola (+ 54.5% ngo-2021), i-93.3% yamanqanaba ka-2019. Iinqwelomoya eziqhutywe ngo-2022 kulindeleke ukuba zibe yi-33.8 yezigidi, eyi-86.9% yamanqanaba ka-2019 (iinqwelomoya zezigidi ezingama-38.9).

• Ingeniso yabakhweli kulindeleke ukuba ziphendule kwi-498 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi zengeniso yoshishino, ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabini kwi-239 yeebhiliyoni zeedola eziveliswe ngo-2021. Amanani abakhweli acwangcisiweyo kulindeleke ukuba afikelele kwi-3.8 yezigidigidi, kunye neekhilomitha zengeniso zabahambi (RPKs) ezikhula nge-97.6% xa kuthelekiswa no-2021, ukufikelela kwi-82.4% ye-2019 traffic. Njengoko imfuno ye-pent-up ikhutshwa kunye nokulula kwezithintelo zokuhamba, isivuno kulindeleke ukuba sinyuke nge-5.6%. Oku kulandela imveliso ye--9.1% ngo-2020 kunye ne-3.8% ngo-2021.
   
• Ingeniso yeCargo kulindeleke ukuba baphendule kwi-191 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zeengeniso zeshishini. Oko kuhla kancinci ukusuka kwi-204 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ezirekhodwe ngo-2021, kodwa phantse i-100 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi efunyenwe ngo-2019. Lilonke, ishishini kulindeleke ukuba lithwale ngaphezulu kwe-68 yezigidi zeetoni zempahla ngo-2022, elirekhodi eliphezulu. Njengoko indawo yokurhweba ithambile kancinci, imveliso yempahla kulindeleke ukuba yehle nge-10.4% xa ithelekiswa no-2021. Oko kubuyisela umva nje ngokuyinxenye ukunyuka kwesivuno nge-52.5% ngo-2020 kunye ne-24.2% ngo-2021.

Iindleko zizonke kulindeleke ukuba zinyuke ziye kwi-796 yeebhiliyoni zeedola. Oko kukunyuka kwe-44% kwi-2021, ebonisa zombini iindleko zokuxhasa imisebenzi emikhulu kunye neendleko zokunyuka kwamaxabiso kwezinye izinto eziphambili.

• izibaso: Kwi-192 yeebhiliyoni zeedola, i-fuel yeyona nto ixabisa kakhulu kushishino ngo-2022 (i-24% yeendleko zizonke, ukusuka kwi-19% ngo-2021). Oku kusekelwe kwixabiso elilindelekileyo eliqhelekileyo le-Brent crude ye-101.2 yeedola / umphanda kunye ne-$ 125.5 ye-jet parafini. Iinqwelomoya kulindeleke ukuba zisebenzise iilitha zebhiliyoni ezingama-321 zamafutha ngo-2022 xa kuthelekiswa neelitha ezingama-359 zeebhiliyoni ezisetyenzisiweyo ngo-2019.
  
  Imfazwe e-Ukraine igcina amaxabiso e-oyile ekrwada ye-Brent ephezulu. Nangona kunjalo, amafutha aya kuphendula malunga nekota yeendleko ngo-2022. Uphawu oluthile lwemarike yamafutha kulo nyaka kukusasazeka okuphezulu phakathi kwamaxabiso epetroli akrwada kunye nejethi. Oku kusasazeka kwejethi yokuqhekeka kuhlala kungaphezulu kwemilinganiselo yembali, ubukhulu becala ngenxa yokunyanzelwa kwamandla kwiindawo zokucokisa. Utyalo-mali olungaphantsi kule ndawo lunokuthetha ukuba ukusasazeka kuhlala kuphakanyisiwe kwi-2023. Ngelo xesha, ixabiso eliphezulu leoli kunye nexabiso le-petroli linokuthi libone iinqwelo-moya ziphucula ukusebenza kwazo kwamafutha-zombini ngokusetyenziswa kweenqwelo-moya ezisebenzayo kunye nezigqibo zokusebenza.
   
• laboratory: Umsebenzi yinto yesibini ephezulu yeendleko zokusebenza kwiinkampani zeenqwelomoya. Ingqesho ethe ngqo kwicandelo kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kwi-2.7 yezigidi, inyuke nge-4.3% ngo-2021 njengoko ishishini liphinda likhula ukusuka ekwehleni okukhulu komsebenzi ngo-2020. Ingqesho isengaphantsi kwe-2.93 yezigidi zemisebenzi ngo-2019 kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ihlale ingaphantsi. eli nqanaba ixesha elithile. Iindleko zeyunithi zabasebenzi zilindeleke ukuba zibe yi-12.2 yeesenti / iikhilomitha zeetoni ezifumanekayo (ATK) ngo-2022, nto leyo ibuyele kumanqanaba ka-2019 xa yayiyi-12.3 cents/ATK.
  
  Ixesha elifunekayo lokugaya, ukuqeqesha, ukugqiba ukhuseleko / ukukhangela imvelaphi, kunye nokwenza ezinye iinkqubo eziyimfuneko phambi kokuba abasebenzi "balungele umsebenzi" kubonisa umngeni kwishishini ngo-2022. Kwezinye iimeko, ukulibaziseka kwengqesho kunokusebenza njengesithintelo kwi isakhono senkampani yenqwelomoya ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabakhweli.
  
  Kumazwe apho ukuchacha kwezoqoqosho kulo bhubhani kuye kwakhawuleza kwaye nenqanaba lokungaphangeli liphantsi, iimarike zabasebenzi ezixineneyo kunye nokunqongophala kwezakhono kunokuba negalelo kuxinzelelo oluphezulu kwimivuzo. Intlawulo yemivuzo yeshishini kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kwi-173 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2022, inyuke nge-7.9% ngo-2021, kwaye ihambelane nokunyuka kwe-4.3% yemisebenzi iyonke.

Imiba yoQoqosho olukhulu

Imvelaphi yoqoqosho olukhulu lwehlabathi ibalulekile kwimbonakalo yoshishino. Uqikelelo lubandakanya ingqikelelo yokukhula okuqinileyo kwe-GDP yehlabathi nge-3.4% ngo-2022, ezantsi ukusuka kwi-5.8% eyomeleleyo yokuphinda ibuyele kunyaka ophelileyo. Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kunyukile kwaye kulindeleke ukuba kuhlale kunyukile kulo lonke u-2022, kuncipha ekuhambeni konyaka ka-2023. Kwaye, ngelixa imilinganiselo yenzala inyuka, inzala yokwenyani kulindeleke ukuba ihlale iphantsi okanye ingalunganga kangangexesha elizinzileyo.

Izinto zobungozi

Kukho inani lemiba yomngcipheko ehambelana nale mbono.

Imfazwe eUkraine

Impembelelo yemfazwe yaseUkraine kwinqwelo-moya incinane kakhulu xa ithelekiswa nentlekele eyayisenzeka ebantwini. Umbono ucinga ukuba imfazwe e-Ukraine ayiyi kunyuka ngaphaya kwemida yayo. Phakathi kweempembelelo ezininzi ezimbi zokunyuka kwenqwelomoya, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso epetroli kunye nesidingo esihlayo ngenxa yokuhla kweemvakalelo zabathengi kuya kuba yeyona nto iphambili.

• Umgibeli: Idityanisiwe, imarike yamazwe ngamazwe yaseRashiya, i-Ukraine, iBelarus, kunye neMoldova yenza i-2.3% ye-traffic yehlabathi ngo-2021. Ukongeza, malunga ne-7% ye-traffic traffic international (RPK) yayiza kudlula i-airspace yaseRashiya (idatha ye-2021), ngoku ngoku. ivaliwe kubasebenzisi abaninzi, uninzi kwiindlela ezihamba ixesha elide phakathi kweAsia neYurophu okanye uMntla Melika. Kukho iindleko eziphezulu kakhulu zokuphinda ulandelele abo bathwali bachaphazelekayo.
   
• Cargo: Ngaphantsi nje kwe-1% yothutho lwehlabathi jikelele olusuka eRashiya okanye eUkraine. Impembelelo enkulu ikwindawo ekhethekileyo yomthwalo onzima apho iRashiya ne-Ukraine ziinkokeli zemarike, kwaye ukulahlekelwa kwamandla okuhambelanayo kuya kuba nzima ukutshintshela. Kwaye malunga ne-19% yokuthunyelwa kwempahla yamazwe ngamazwe (CTKs) ukuhamba nge-airspace yaseRashiya (idatha ye-2021). Abathwali abachatshazelwa luzohlwayo bajongana neendleko eziphezulu zokuphinda bahambe.

Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso, iNzala, kunye noTshintsho

Izinga lenzala liyenyuka njengoko iibhanki ezingoovimba zilwa nokunyuka kwamaxabiso. Ngaphandle kwabo bathwele amatyala (abaza kubona ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kuthoba ixabiso lamatyala abo), ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kuyingozi kwaye kunesiphumo soqoqosho esidodobalisayo serhafu ngokunciphisa amandla okuthenga. Kukho umngcipheko wecala kule mbono kufuneka ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kuqhubeke nokunyuka, kwaye iibhanki ezingoovimba ziqhubekile nokunyusa inzala.

Ngaphezu koko, amandla erekhodi yedola yaseMelika, ukuba iyaqhubeka, iya kuba nefuthe elibi njengoko idoli yase-US eyomeleleyo ikhula iyancipha ngokubanzi. Inyusa ixabiso lemali yasekhaya kuwo onke amatyala e-USD-denominated kwaye yongeza kumthwalo wokuhlawulela i-USD-denominated fuel amafutha avela ngaphandle ngokunjalo.

Covid-19

Imfuno esisiseko yokuhamba yomelele. Kodwa iimpendulo zikarhulumente kwi-COVID-19 azizange zilinanze icebiso loMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi wokuba ukuvalwa kwemida ayisiyondlela isebenzayo yokulawula ukusasazeka kwentsholongwane. Imbonakalo ithatha ukuba ukunganyangeki okunamandla kunye nokukhula kwabemi kwi-COVID-19 kuthetha ukuba akusayi kuphinda kubekho ezi mpazamo zomgaqo-nkqubo. Kukho, nangona kunjalo, umngcipheko osezantsi ukuba oorhulumente babuyela kwiimpendulo zokuvala umda zokuvala ukuqhambuka kwexesha elizayo.

“Oorhulumente kumele ukuba bafunde izifundo zabo kwintlekele ye-COVID-19. Ukuvalwa kwemida kudala intlungu yezoqoqosho kodwa kunikezela kancinci malunga nokulawula ukusasazeka kwale ntsholongwane. Ngamazinga aphezulu okhuseleko lwabemi, iindlela zonyango eziphucukileyo, kunye neenkqubo zokucupha, umngcipheko we-COVID-19 unokulawulwa. Okwangoku, akukho meko apho iindleko zomntu kunye nezoqoqosho zokuvalwa komda we-COVID-19 zinokuthethelelwa, utshilo uWalsh.

iTshayina

Imakethi yasekhaya yaseTshayina iyodwa ibalelwe malunga ne-10% yetrafikhi yehlabathi ngo-2019. Le mbonakalo ithatha kancinci kancinci kwizithintelo ze-COVID-19 kwisiqingatha sesibini sika-2022. kushishino. Ukuphunyezwa ixesha elide komgaqo-nkqubo we-COVID-19 kuya kuqhubeka ukucinezela imarike yasekhaya yesibini ngobukhulu kwaye yenze isiphithiphithi sothungelwano lwehlabathi.

3. Ukujikeleza koMmandla

Ukusebenza kwezemali kuzo zonke iingingqi kulindeleke ukuba kuphucuke ngo-2022 xa kuthelekiswa no-2021 (zonke iingingqi ziphuculwe ngo-2021 xa kuthelekiswa no-2020 ngokunjalo).

INorth America kulindeleke ukuba iqhubeke ibe ngowona mmandla unamandla kakhulu kunye nommandla kuphela wokubuyela kwinzuzo kwi-2022. Ixhaswa yimarike enkulu yasekhaya yase-US kunye nokuvulwa kwakhona kweemarike zamazwe ngamazwe, kuquka iNorth Atlantic, inzuzo eseleyo iqikelelwe ukuba I-8.8 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2022. Imfuno (i-RPKs) ilindeleke ukuba ifikelele kwi-95.0% yamanqanaba angaphambi kwengxaki (2019), kunye nomthamo we-99.5%.

IYurophu: EYurophu, imfazwe yaseRussia-Ukraine iya kuqhubeka nokuphazamisa iipatheni zokuhamba phakathi kweYurophu naphakathi kweYurophu kunye neAsia-Pacific. Nangona kunjalo, imfazwe akulindelekanga ukuba iphazamise ukubuyiswa kohambo, kunye nommandla usondele kwinzuzo ngo-2022, ngelahleko ye-3.9 yeebhiliyoni zeedola. Imfuno (i-RPKs) kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kwi-82.7% yamanqanaba angaphambi kwentlekele (2019), kunye nomthamo we-90.0%.

Kwiinqwelomoya zeenqwelo moya zaseAsia-Pacific, izithintelo ezingqongqo kunye nezinyamezelayo zokuhamba (ngokukodwa e-China), kunye nokukhutshwa kogonyo olungalinganiyo, bawubonile lo mmandla ukuchacha ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Njengoko izithintelo ziyancipha, imfuno yokuhamba kulindeleke ukuba yonyuke ngokukhawuleza. Ilahleko epheleleyo ngo-2022 iqikelelwa ukuba iya kuhla ukuya kwi-8.9 yeebhiliyoni zeedola. Imfuno (i-RPKs) kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kwi-73.7% yamanqanaba angaphambi kwentlekele (2019), kunye nomthamo kwi-81.5%.

Umthamo wetrafikhi eLatin America ubuyele ngamandla ngo-2021, exhaswa ziimarike zasekhaya kunye nezithintelo zokuhamba ezimbalwa kumazwe amaninzi. Imbonakalo yezemali kwezinye iinqwelomoya, nangona kunjalo, ihlala ibuthathaka kwaye ummandla kulindeleke ukuba urekhode ilahleko eyi-3.2 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kulo nyaka. Imfuno (RPKs) kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kwi-94.2% yamanqanaba e-pre-crisis (2019), kunye nomthamo kwi-93.2%.KuMbindi Mpuma, kulo nyaka ukuvulwa kwakhona kweendlela zamazwe ngamazwe kunye neenqwelo-moya ezihamba ixesha elide, ngakumbi, ziya kubonelela wamkelekile ukonyuswa kwabaninzi. Kummandla wonke, ilahleko kulindeleke ukuba icuthe ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1.9 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2022, ukusuka kwilahleko ye-4.7 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kunyaka ophelileyo. Imfuno (i-RPKs) kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kwi-79.1% yamanqanaba angaphambili (ngo-2019), kunye nomthamo kwi-80.5%.

In iAfrika, amazinga asezantsi okugonya athomalalise ukuchacha kokuhamba ngenqwelomoya kulo mmandla ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izinto zinokwenzeka kulo nyaka, nto leyo eya kuba negalelo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwezimali. Ilahleko ye-Net iqikelelwa ukuba ibe yi-0.7 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2022. Imfuno (i-RPKs) kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kwi-72.0% yamanqanaba angaphambili (ngo-2019), kunye nomthamo we-75.2%.