ILufthansa yinxalenye yebali eliyimpumelelo kwiFederal Republic yaseJamani, kunye nomzekelo kwiinkampani ezininzi zeenqwelo moya emhlabeni. ILufthansa yinyani jikelele, kodwa ikwinyani nesiJamani.
Ngaphandle kweLufthansa, ukuhamba ngenqwelomoya kwihlabathi akunakufana. Ngaba iCoronavirus iyakwazi ukutshabalalisa lo mdlali mkhulu kwishishini leenqwelo moya?
ILufthansa I-Airline yaseJamani kunye neLufthansa Group banokulungiselela ukungabinamali. Oku kwaxelwa kwiphephancwadi laseJamani "Inkunzi"
Ngokwengxelo le, inqwelomoya inokuba ilungiselela inkqubo yokhuselo yaseJamani, eyaziwa ngokuba yi "Schutzschirmverfahren"
Umthetho waseJamani wokutshona, ngokungafaniyo nomthetho wokutshona wase-US, usandul' ukwaziswa kutshanje (ngo-2012) into ebizwa ngokuba yinkqubo yekhaka elikhuselayo (iSchutzschirmverfahren) ukwenza ukuba abakweliti abanakho ukungakwazi ukuhlawula amatyala kunye/okanye abanamatyala angaphaya ukuba bahlengahlengise inkampani ngokwesiseko sento ebizwa ngokuba yi-insolvency. isicwangciso. Ngoko ke, ukubhangiswa kwenkampani ngumlawuli wokutshona kwamatyala kwixesha elizayo kunokuphetshwa.
Ngokubanzi, iinkqubo zokhuselo ziyafana ngokuthelekiswa neenkqubo ze-US Isahluko se-11. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuthelekiswa nembali yeenkqubo zeSahluko se-11, inani lamatyala lihlala kwinqanaba eliphantsi ukusukela ngo-2012 xa kuthelekiswa nenani elipheleleyo leenkqubo zokungabinamali. Kukwanjalo nakumanani amanani e-equity-swaps (DES) enziwe phantsi kwenkqubo yokhuselo. Kodwa ngokubhekisele kuphuhliso lwangoku lwamatyala kwaye ngokusekwe kulungelelwaniso olusemthethweni lwe-DES phantsi kwenkqubo yokhuselo, kulindeleke ukuba inani lamatyala e-DES phantsi kwenkqubo yokhuselo lonyuka kungekudala - ngokufana nophuhliso lwangaphambili e-US.
Ngokukodwa, ukuba inkampani inokungakwazi ukuhlawula amatyala kodwa imisebenzi yayo engundoqo yeshishini inenzuzo, i-DES phantsi kwenkqubo yekhaka elikhuselayo iba nomtsalane, inika ababolekisi ngenxaxheba ngokuthe ngqo kubo, ngokufumana izabelo kwinkampani okanye nge-DES.
Kwi-DES, amabango akhoyo sele esetyenziselwa ukufumana izabelo (ezisanda kukhutshwa) kwinkampani.
Uncedo lwe-DES kwiimeko ezinjalo kucacile ukuba amatyala angekahlawulwa aguqulwa abeyimali, okt izabelo ezitsha (ngaphandle kwazo naziphi na iimeko) ezigqithiselwa kubabolekisi, ukunciphisa ixabiso elipheleleyo elingekahlawulwa, kungoko ke, ityala lenkampani. Njengoko le yokugqibela ingomnye weendlela ezimbini zokumisela ukungakwazi ukuhlawula amatyala phantsi komthetho waseJamani wokungakwazi ukuhlawula amatyala. inkampani ukuba iphinde iqhubeke nemisebenzi yesiqhelo yeshishini.
I-DES enjalo ngokubanzi yenziwa ngamanyathelo amane.
- Okokuqala, abanini zabelo abakhoyo, kwintlanganiso yabanini zabelo, isisombululo sabanini zabelo sonyusa imali ebhalisiweyo yenkampani kwaye ikhupha izabelo ezitsha.
- Ukunyusa imali eyinkunzi ebhalisiweyo, inkampani ifuna igalelo elilinganayo kwiakhawunti yayo yenkunzi ngokwenza intlawulo okanye into ebizwa ngokuba ligalelo.
- Igalelo elinjalo ngohlobo, kwimeko ye-DES, lwenziwa ngabantu abanomdla wenkampani ngendlela yokudlulisela amabango abo ngokuchasene nenkampani kule nkampani.
- Izabelo ezitsha ziya kwabiwa ngokukodwa kubabolekisi abathathe inxaxheba kwi-DES, abathi babe ngabanini zabelo abatsha benkampani.
Le ntshukumo iyahambelana ne Isicelo sikaLufthansa sokuqinisekisa i-9 yezigidi zeerandi kwinkxaso-mali karhulumente yokuhlangula ngenxa yobhubhane weCorona-19. Iingcali zicinga ukuba iphakheji yokuhlangula iya kunika urhulumente impembelelo enkulu ekusebenzeni komphathi wesizwe waseJamani.
ILufthansa iqeshe uMnu. UAndre Geiwitz, igqwetha elaziwayo ekubunjweni ngokutsha nangaphandle kolawulo lokuhlawula amatyala, ukulungiswa ngokutsha kokulamla kunye nokuthembana.
Arnd Geiwitz
Kwakhona igama ULucas Flöther wakhankanywa njengomlawuli. Umnumzana Flother wayengumlawuli weAir Berlin kwaye wonyulwa njengotrasti kulawulo lwenqwelomoya kwiCondor yaseJamani emva kokuba efake inkqubo yohlengahlengiso eFrankfurt ukukhusela ishishini lakhe ekuweni komzali uThomas Cook.
ULucas Flother
Elo nyathelo lenqwelomoya laseJamani linokuza kwangoko kwiveki ezayo.
ILufthansa yaqesha inkampani yaseMelika iBIqela lokubonisana le-oston. Iqela lokubonisana laseBoston yinkampani yabaphathi baseMelika eyasekwa ngo-1963. Le nkampani ineeofisi ezingaphezulu kwama-90 kumazwe angama-50, kwaye umphathi wayo wangoku nguRich Lesser. I-BCG ngomnye wabaqeshi abathathu abaphambili kulawulo lokubonisana, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-MBB okanye iBig Three.
Iqela laseLufthansa liqela lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya elisebenza kwihlabathi liphela. Ngabasebenzi abayi-138,353, iQela laseLufthansa lavelisa ingeniso ye-EUR 36,424m kunyaka-mali ka-2019. IQela laseLufthansa lenziwe ngamacandelo e-Network Airlines, e-Eurowings, kunye neeNkonzo zoPhapho. Iinkonzo zezoPhapho ziquka amacandelo oLungiselelo, iMRO, ukuPheka kunye noShishino olongezelelweyo kunye neMisebenzi yamaQela. Eyokugqibela ikwabandakanya iLufthansa AirPlus, iLufthansa yoQeqesho loPhapho, kunye neenkampani zeIT. Onke amacandelo ahlala kwindawo ekhokelayo kwiimarike zawo. Icandelo leenethiwekhi zeenqwelo moya liquka iLufthansa Airlines zaseJamani, i-SWISS kunye neAustria Airlines.
Lufthansa ikhuphela umkhondo wayo imbali ukuya ku-1926 xa i-Deutsche Luft Hansa AG (ebizwa ngokuba yi-Deutsche Lufthansa ukusukela ngo-1933 ukubheka phambili) kwasekwa eBerlin. I-DLH, njengoko yayisaziwa njalo, yayiyiphethe iflegi yaseJamani kude kube ngo-1945 xa zonke iinkonzo zapheliswa emva kokoyiswa kweJamani yamaNazi.
Kwiminyaka emibini emva kokuba ama-Allies eyichithile i-Lufthansa yokuqala (eyasekwa ngo-1926) ngo-1951, i "Aktiengesellschaft für Luftverkehrsbedarf" (Luftag) enekomkhulu laseCologne yasekwa nge-6 kaJanuwari 1953. Ngo-Agasti 6, 1954, iLuftag yathenga igama, igama Uphawu lwentengiso - i-crane - kunye nemibala - luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka namthubi - ukusuka kwiLufthansa yokuqala, eyayiphelisiwe ngelo xesha, kwaye ukusukela ngoko yazibiza "yiDeutsche Lufthansa Aktiengesellschaft" (iDeutsche Lufthansa Stock Company). Imisebenzi emininzi kuye kwafuneka yenziwe yinkampani entsha yenqwelo moya ngaphambi kokuba iqale ukugcwala kwenqwelomoya: ukufumana nokuthenga iinqwelomoya ezifanelekileyo, ukuqhuba abaqhubi beenqwelomoya kunye neenjineli, kunye nokuqeqesha amagosa omoya. Izinto ezifunekayo kumbutho nakwiziseko ezingundoqo zolondolozo lobuchwephesha beenqwelo moya nazo kufuneka zibekiwe. Iprojekthi yamabhongo yaphumelela: ngo-Epreli 1, 1955, iinqwelomoya ezimbini zeConvair zasuka eHamburg naseMunich ukuya kuqalisa iinkonzo zomoya ezicwangcisiweyo.
Ngokuhambelana nokuphuhliswa kwenethiwekhi yendlela yaseYurophu, iinqwelomoya ukuya kwiindawo eziseMelika, eAfrika naseMpuma Ekude nazo zongeze kwakamsinya emva koko. Ukusukela ngo-1958, irose ebomvu yamela ukuzalisekiswa kweyona mfuno iphezulu kwiklasi yokuQala kwiindlela ezinqamlezileyo.
Ngo-1960, i-Lufthansa yafika kwiminyaka ye-jet moya kunye nokufunyanwa kwe-Boeing B707 yokuqala. Kwangelo xesha, inkampani igqithise ukusebenza kwayo umgama omde ukusuka eHamburg ukuya eFrankfurt am Main kwaye yaqhubeka nokwandisa ishishini layo lempahla.
Olu lwandiso lwalandelwa yiminyaka elishumi yeengxaki, kodwa kunye nophuhliso. Okokuqala, iingxaki zeoyile zango-1973 nowe-1979, ezenza amaxabiso eparafini aqhume. Kwangelo xesha, yadala ukuqonda okutsha ngendlela izinto ezisingathwa ngayo kwaye ke oko kwaqhubela phambili ukukhula kweenjini ze-jet ezisebenzayo nezizolileyo ukuya phambili.
Amaxesha ngamaxesha iLufthansa ibonelela ngezinto ezintsha kubathengi babo abakhulayo: Iinqwelomoya zomzimba obanzi ngetekhnoloji yakutshanje zathengwa. Ngo-1970, iBoeing B747 yasasazwa okokuqala kwiindlela ezazihamba ixesha elide zilandelwa yi-tri-jet Douglas DC 10, kwaye ukusukela ngo-1976 i-Airbus A300, i-jet-injini yokuqala yeenqwelo-moya zokuqala ngeenqwelo-moya eziphakathi.
Inqwelo moya yaphuhliswa yaba yindlela yothutho olukhulu. ILufthansa iphendule ngokulwakha ngokutsha uthungelwano lwendlela yayo ngonxibelelwano olukhawulezayo kunye nokuma okumbalwa.
Abasetyhini baphinde boyisa ii-cockpit eLufthansa ngoqeqesho lweenqwelo moya zabafazi zokuqala ngo-1986.
Kwisiqingatha sesibini sonyaka we-1990, iqela elidibeneyo lajongana notshintsho olukhulu. Kwelinye icala, ngo-1995 iLufthansa Technik AG, iLufthansa Cargo AG, kunye neLufthansa Systems GmbH zaguqulwa zenziwa iinkampani ezizimeleyo zeqela lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya, kwelinye icala, ngo-1997 iLufthansa yagqitywa yabucala. Zombini zazenzelwe ukonyusa ukhuphiswano lweqela kwaye zanegalelo kwisicwangciso sexesha elide seLufthansa sokuphuhlisa sibe ngumboneleli ohamba phambili wehlabathi wokuhamba komoya kunye neenkonzo zokuhamba ngenqwelomoya.
INTO ONOKUYITHATHA KWELI NQAKU:
- As the latter is one of two criteria for the determination of insolvency under German insolvency law (over-indebtedness or inability to pay its (due) debts), a reduction of the grade of indebtedness may also lead to the termination of insolvency proceedings and enable the company to resume normal business operations.
- Ngokukodwa, ukuba inkampani inokungakwazi ukuhlawula amatyala kodwa imisebenzi yayo engundoqo yeshishini inenzuzo, i-DES phantsi kwenkqubo yekhaka elikhuselayo iba nomtsalane, inika ababolekisi ngenxaxheba ngokuthe ngqo kubo, ngokufumana izabelo kwinkampani okanye nge-DES.
- But with regard to current debt developments and based on the facilitated formalities for DES under protective shield proceedings, it is expected that the number of cases of DES under protective shield proceedings will rise in the near future – similar to past developments in the US.
