(eTN) - UGqr. Zahi Hawass, uNobhala Jikelele weBhunga eliPhakamileyo le-Antiquities (SCA) ubhengeze kwiveki ephelileyo umsebenzi we-archaeological waseRashiya-waseMelika uye watyhila inani lemimmi yeGraeco-Roman egcinwe kakuhle ehlanganiswe kwiibhokisi. Baye bafumanisa ngexesha lomsebenzi oqhelekileyo wokumba kwi-necropolis yaseDeir el-Banat eFayoum.
UHawass wongeze le mishini watyhila iibhokisi ezintathu ezihonjiswe ngemibhalo yenkolo evela kwiNcwadi yabafileyo. Omnye umama owayekwimeko embi yokulondolozwa kwafunyanwa kwenye yezi bhokisi. Ubuso bakhe babugqunywe sisigqubuthelo sobuso. Izacholo, izacholo, kunye namashumi amane amaqhekeza e-textile ahonjiswe ngeankile, agqitywe ngeempawu ezithile eziphambili, nazo zafunyanwa.
UGalina Belova, umlawuli wemishini yaseRussia, uthe ukuvuselelwa kobuso kuya kwenziwa kumama obhinqileyo kwisizini ezayo. Ucacisile ukubuyiselwa kweenqanawa zeseramikhi nezefaience ezembiweyo ngamaxesha onyaka adlulileyo sele kugqityiwe.
Endaweni yezidumbu, iFayoum isenokuba yaziwa ngakumbi ngembali yayo yonqulo. Iilali zaseFayoum zixhasa iziphumo zangaphambili malunga nentshutshiso yamaRoma ngamaKristu eYiputa. Iintsalela ze-Archaeological ezivela kule ntshutshiso azaziwa kakuhle kodwa ziboniswa. Iminqamlezo yamaKristu angama-Coptic ukusuka kweli xesha inokufumaneka kwimiqolomba eFayoum, efanayo ewela abatyeleli abayifumana kumangcwaba e-pharaonic eLuxor, kunye netempile yaseDendera kufutshane neQena. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ezi ndawo zaziyindawo yokuzimela amaKristu ngexesha lentshutshiso yamaRoma.
Ixesha eliphakathi konyaka wama-200 kunye nebhunga laseChalcedon (451) yayilixesha lokukhula kweCawa yobuOthodoki yamaCoptic. Phezu kwayo nje intshutshiso yamaRoma kumaKristu, ibandla laqhubeka likhula. Iintshutshiso zaziqatha ebudeni bolawulo lomlawuli uDiocletian (284-311). Ubukhulu bentshutshiso yobuKristu eYiputa mhlawumbi bukhulu kunamanye amazwe ngenxa yobukhulu boluntu lwamaKristu eYiputa. ICawe iyabazi abangcwele abaliqela ukusuka ngezo mini abafana noMenas noDimyana. Iintshutshiso ziye zenza impembelelo enzulu ebandleni kangangokuba iCawa yamaCoptic Orthodox yagqiba ekubeni iqale ixesha layo ngonyaka wama-284. Unyaka ka-AD 2000 ke ngowamaCopt, unyaka we-1717 AM (anno martyrum).
Okumangalisayo kukuba, ezona cawa zindala zehlabathi kunye namabhodlo eecawa e-Egypt ukususela kwinkulungwane yesine azisazakhi izakhiwo zazo kwesi siza – ukuba asizonxibelelwano. Namhlanje, omnye wemiba edla ngokuphakanyiswa bubunzima bokwakha iicawe eFayoum. Utata uGqr. Rufa'il Samy welali yaseTamiya eFayoum wabonisa imisebenzi emikhulu yokwakha kwilali yakhe, etshintsha icawa yelali eyakhiwa ngo-1902 yaba yicathedral enkulu. Icawa endala yayilinganisa i-14 nge-16 yeemitha, icawa entsha i-29 nge-34 yeemitha. Icawa endala yayinenqaba eziimitha ezili-12 ukuphakama. Icawe entsha inenqaba eziimitha ezingama-36 ukuphakama. Imisebenzi yokwakha isemthethweni ngokugqibeleleyo ngokomyalelo kamongameli we-1994 owafunyanwa kwiinyanga nje ezimbalwa. Akukho nkcaso eyaziwayo kwisakhiwo ukusuka kubemi bamaSilamsi. Umfundisi watyhila imfihlelo: ukwakha ubuhlobo obuhle nabemi basekuhlaleni abangamaSilamsi nabasemagunyeni.
Kukho iilali nezixeko apho amaKrestu afumana ubunzima bokwakha, ukuhlaziya okanye ukulungisa iicawe kodwa thina zilali apho zingekho iingxaki ezinjalo.
EFayoum, kwakhiwe iicawe ezintsha, ngoncedo lonxibelelwano olunempembelelo, kunye nezidumbu ezintsha ezifunyenweyo azinakubeka ilali kwangoko kwimephu yokhenketho yaseYiputa. Nangona kunjalo, bambalwa abatyeleli abaye badinwa kuhambo lwemveli banokufuna ukubona into eyahlukileyo kwindawo engaqhelekanga yasemaphandleni.
