Ishishini lokuhamba ngeenqwelomoya lizibophelele kwiinjongo zamabhongo zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kweCO2.
AmaGosa oBuchwephesha aMagosa asixhenxe akhokelayo avelisa i-aerospace ehlabathini namhlanje akhuphe ingxelo edibeneyo yokubonisa indlela abasebenzisana ngayo kunye nokwabelana ngeendlela zokuqhuba ukuzinza kweenqwelomoya kunye nokufikelela kwiithagethi ze-ATAG kwishishini ngokubanzi.
Isiteyitimenti esidibeneyo
INtetho yamaGosa aPhezulu oBuchwephesha abasixhenxe kubavelisi abakhulu beenqwelomoya behlabathi:
Ukuzibophelela Okumanyeneyo
Ukuhamba ngenqwelomoya kudibanisa umhlaba wethu ngokuhambisa ngokukhawuleza nangokukhawuleza abantu, ukuvula amathuba amatsha oqoqosho kunye nokuhambisa ukutya neempahla kuwo wonke umhlaba. Ukuhamba ngenqwelomoya kukhuthaza ukuqondwa kwehlabathi, kuvelise utshintshiselwano lwenkcubeko etyebileyo kwaye ngokwenza njalo kube negalelo kuxolo lokuphila.
Kwangelo xesha, utshintsho lwemozulu luyinto exhalabisayo kuluntu lwethu. Impembelelo yoluntu kwimozulu ifuna isenzo kwimida emininzi. Icandelo lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya sele lithathe inyathelo elibalulekileyo ukukhusela iplanethi kwaye baya kuqhubeka nokwenza njalo.
Inqwelomoya inegalelo kwisibini ekhulwini sokukhutshwa kwekharbon diokside eyenziwe ngabantu. Ishishini liye lacela umngeni ngokwalo ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-CO2 ngelixa imfuno yokuhamba ngomoya kunye nokuthutha ikhula kakhulu. Ngokusebenzisa iQela lokuSebenza lezoThutho loMoya (ATAG), ushishino lweenqwelomoya lwaba licandelo lokuqala lemveliso yehlabathi ukumisela ibhongo ekujoliswe kulo: ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kweCO2 ukuya kwisiqingatha sonyaka ka-2005 amanqanaba ngo-2050, kunye nokucutha ukukhula kokukhutshwa kwe-CO2 eshiyekileyo ngo-2020. basendleleni yokuhlangabezana nezo zibophelelo zexesha elikufutshane, kubandakanywa ukuphunyezwa kowama-2019 kweNkqubo yokuNcitshiswa kweCarbon kunye nokuNcitshiswa kweNkqubo yezoPhapho lwaMazwe ngaMazwe (CORSIA) njengoko kuvunyelwene ngazo zizizwe zoMbutho weZizwe ngeZizwe woPhapho lwezoLuntu (ICAO).
Amagosa aziiNtloko zeTekhnoloji kubenzi abasixhenxe abahamba phambili kwezokuhamba ngenqwelomoya ngoku basebenza kwinqanaba elingazange libonwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba ishishini liyahlangabezana nezi zibophelelo ziyimfuneko.
Isicwangciso-qhinga
Zintathu izinto eziphambili kubuchwephesha bokuhamba ngenqwelomoya ngokuzinzileyo:
1. Ukuqhubela phambili nokuphuhlisa inqwelomoya kunye noyilo lwenjini kunye nobuchwepheshe kwiphulo elingayekiyo lokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kweCO2.
2. Ukuxhasa urhwebo lwamafutha eenqwelomoya azinzileyo, atshintshanayo. Malunga ne-185,000 yeenqwelomoya zorhwebo sele zingqina ukuba iinqwelomoya zanamhlanje zikulungele ukuzisebenzisa.
3. Ukuphuhlisa ngokumandla iinqwelomoya ezintsha kunye nobuchwepheshe bokuqhubela phambili kunye nobuchwepheshe obukhawulezayo obuya kwenza 'isizukulwana sesithathu' sokubhabha.
Eminye imiba, enjengolawulo olusebenzayo lwezithuthi zomoya kunye nokuhamba ngenqwelomoya okunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwepetroli nako kunendima ebalulekileyo ekufuneka bayidlalile. Umzi mveliso wethu ubonakalise inkqubela ebonakalayo ekunciphiseni ingxolo kunye nezinye iimpembelelo kokusingqongileyo kwaye uya kuqhubeka ukwenza njalo.
Iindiza kunye noYilo lweNjini kunye neTekhnoloji
Kule minyaka ingama-40 idlulileyo, ubuchwephesha benqwelomoya kunye ne-injini bunciphise ukukhutshwa kweCO2 ngomyinge wonyaka ongaphezulu kwepesenti enye ngemayile yomkhweli. Oku kube sisiphumo sotyalo-mali olubalulekileyo lwe-R&D kwizinto zokusebenza, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-aerodynamic, uyilo lwedijithali kunye neendlela zokwenza, uphuhliso lwe-turbomachinery kunye nokuphucula iinkqubo zeenqwelomoya.
Kangangeminyaka emininzi, ngoluhlu lwemibutho yoshishino kunye nemibutho yamazwe ngamazwe, uluntu lwezomoya luzibophelele ngokuzithandela ukuhlangabezana neseti yeethagethi ezinobundlobongela zokuphucula ukusebenza kokusingqongileyo kwenqwelomoya. Iithagethi ezibekwe yi-Advisory Council yoPhando lwe-Aeronautics eYurophu zibiza i-75 yepesenti yokunciphisa i-CO2, i-90 yeepesenti yehla kwi-NOX kunye neepesenti ze-65 zehla kwingxolo ngo-2050, xa kuthelekiswa namanqanaba onyaka we-2000.
Ukunceda ukufezekisa ezi njongo zindlongondlongo, izivumelwano zehlabathi ezifikelelweyo nge-ICAO ibiza ukuba umgangatho wokusebenza kakuhle kwepetroli ube yinxalenye yenkqubo yokuqinisekiswa esetyenziswa kuyo yonke inqwelo moya.
Sizibophelele ekuphuculeni iinqwelomoya ezikhoyo kunye noyilo lwenjini ukuze siqhubeke nomkhondo wokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kangangoko sinakho. Kwangaxeshanye, siqaphela imiceli mngeni emikhulu yezobuchwepheshe ephambi kwethu kunye nemfuneko enokubakho yokubandakanya iindlela ezingqongqo 'zesizukulwana sesithathu'.
Ukukhuthaza ukuTshintshwa kwaMandla: IiFutha zoLondolozo lweeNdawo eziZinzileyo
Uphapho luza kuqhubeka nokuthembela kumafutha angawomanzi njengowona mthombo wamandla osisiseko weenqwelomoya ezinkulu nezinoluhlu olude kwikamva elibonakalayo. Naphantsi kolona qikelelo lunethemba lokubhabha okuqhutywa ngumbane, iinqwelomoya zengingqi nezikwindlela enye yorhwebo ziya kuhlala zisebenza kwinqwelomoya yehlabathi ngezibaso zejethi kumashumi eminyaka ezayo. Ke ngoko, uphuhliso lwezibaso ze-Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAFs) ezisetyenziswa ngokutsha kunekhabhoni esekwe kwifosili kwaye zihlangabezane nemigangatho eyomeleleyo, ethembekileyo yokuzinza yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yekamva elizinzileyo. Iindlela ezintlanu zokuveliswa kwee-SAFs sele zivunyiwe ukuba zisetyenziswe, kunye nemveliso yesikali sorhwebo yenye yezi ndlela sele ikhona. Sikholelwa ukuba ukukhawulezisa ukunyuswa kwemveliso yazo zonke iindlela ezinokuthengiseka, ngelixa ngaxeshanye siphuhlisa iindlela zeendleko eziphantsi, ngundoqo kwimpumelelo. Lo msebenzi sele uqhuba kumaziko ophando nakwiinkampani ezikumacandelo ngamashishini. Into efunekayo kukwandiswa kwenkxaso karhulumente kuphuhliso lobugcisa, utyalo-mali kwindawo yokuvelisa, kunye nenkuthazo yemveliso yamafutha kwihlabathi jikelele.
Siyixhasa ngokupheleleyo nayiphi na ipetroli, ezinzileyo, enokutsha, ehambelanayo nezibaso ezikhoyo. Siza kusebenza ngokusondeleyo kunye nabavelisi bamafutha, abaqhubi, izikhululo zeenqwelo moya, imibutho yezendalo kunye neearhente zikarhulumente ukuzisa la mafutha kusetyenziso lweenqwelo moya ngokubanzi ngaphambi konyaka wama-2050.
Ixesha lesithathu loKhenketho
Ukuhamba ngenqwelomoya kusekuqaleni kwexesha lesithathu elikhulu, ukwakha kwisiseko esabekwa ngabazalwana bakaWright kunye nabaqambi beJet Age kwii-1950s. Ixesha lesithathu lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya lenziwa yinkqubela phambili kulwakhiwo olutsha, ukusebenza ngokukuko kweinjini eziphambili ze-thermodynamic, amandla ombane kunye ne-hybrid-electric, i-digitization, ubukrelekrele bokufakelwa, izixhobo kunye nemveliso. Iinqwelomoya ezinkulu ziya kuqala ukuxhamla kuyilo lwenoveli oluya kuthi luphucule ukusebenza ngakumbi ngokulawulwa kokurhuqwa kweenqwelomoya kunye nokusasazwa kweendlela ngeendlela ezintsha. Izinto ezintsha ziya kwenza ukuba iinqwelomoya zibe lula, ngakumbi ukuphucula ukusebenza ngokukuko.
Sonwabile sesi sizukulwana sesithathu sokuhamba ngenqwelomoya kwaye, nangona zonke iinkampani ezimelwe zineendlela ezahlukeneyo, sonke siqhutywa kukuqiniseka kwegalelo lazo kwindima yezophapho kwixa elizayo. Sikholelwa ukuba ukuhamba ngenqwelomoya kungena kwelona xesha linomdla ukusukela ekuqaleni kwexesha leJet. Eli xesha lesithathu lithembisa ngefuthe elihle lenguqu kubomi kwihlabathi liphela-kwaye sikulungele ukuyenza inyani.
Bizela ukuSebenza: Masilidibanise eli kamva
Ikamva lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya liqaqambile. Nangona kunjalo, ukongeza kwimizamo ebalulekileyo eyenziwa licandelo lethu, sixhomekeke kwinkxaso elungelelanisiweyo evela kubenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo, abalawuli kunye noorhulumente abasebenza kunye ukufezekisa ezi njongo.
Kufuneka kubekho ukongezwa kokuzibophelela kukawonke-wonke nakwabucala ukuseka isiseko esomeleleyo somthetho sokujongana nemiba yenoveli enxulumene nobuchwephesha bokubhabha ngenqwelomoya kunye nokubonelela ngenkxaso yoqoqosho eyimfuneko kurhwebo lweSAFs. Sicinga ngolungelelwaniso olubanzi, olunzulu noluthe gqolo ngokusebenzisa i-ICAO ukuququzelela iindlela ezimanyeneyo zokumisela imibutho emiselweyo yesizwe neyelizwe jikelele kunye nokumisela imigangatho. Oku kubandakanya i-US Federal Aviation Administration, i-European Aviation Safety Agency, kunye ne-Civil Aviation Administration yase China, Ezothutho Canada, ANAC yaseBrazil nezinye.
Njengama-CTO oshishino sizibophelele ekuqhubeni uzinzo kwezokuhamba ngenqwelomoya. Siyakholelwa kolu shishino kunye nendima yalo ekwenzeni umhlaba wethu ube yindawo eqaqambileyo nekhuselekileyo. Sikwakholelwa kakhulu ekubeni sinendlela yokwenza uhambo ngenqwelomoya luzinze kwaye sidlale indima enkulu nangakumbi kuluntu lwethu lwehlabathi.
Grazia Vittadini , CTO Airbus
UGreg Hyslop, CTO Inkampani yeBoeing
UBruno Stoufflet, iCTO Dassault Aviation
U-Eric Ducharme, iNjineli eyiNtloko ye-GE Aviation
UPaul Stein, uCTO Rolls-Royce
Stéphane Cueille, CTO Safran
UPaul Eremenko, uCTO UTC
