Izitalato zingenanto, isibhakabhaka sizolile kwaye kwiindawo ezininzi, umoya ucocekile kunakuqala. Amanyathelo okutshixa ngenxa ye-COVID-19 kwihlabathi jikelele ukuza kuthi ga ngoku abe nefuthe elikhulu kungcoliseko lomoya.
E-United States, i-NASA irekhode ukwehla nge-30% kongcoliseko lomoya kunxweme olusempuma-mpuma ngo-Matshi 2020, xa kuthelekiswa nomndilili we-Matshi ukusuka kwi-2015 ukuya kwi-2019.
Umfanekiso we-US phakathi kuka-2015 no-2019; umfanekiso ngasekunene ubonisa amanqanaba ongcoliseko nge-Matshi 2020. (GSFC / NASA)
n IYurophu, iinguqu ezothusayo zichazwe. Besebenzisa isetellites ye-European Space Agency ye-satellite, izazinzulu ezivela kwiRoyal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI) zafumanisa ukuba i-nitrogen dioxide concentrations yehle nge-45% eMadrid, eMilan naseRoma, xa kuthelekiswa nomndilili ka-Matshi-Epreli wonyaka ophelileyo. IParis okwangoku yabona ukwehla kwe-54% kumanqanaba okungcoliseka kwangelo xesha.
Isebenzisa idatha evela kwisethelayithi yeCopernicus Sentinel-5P, le mifanekiso ibonisa i-nitrogen dioxide egxile ukusukela ngoMatshi 13 ukuya ku-Epreli 13, 2020, xa kuthelekiswa ne-Matshi-Epreli ye-avareji yoqwalaselo ukusuka kwi-2019. Ukwehla kwepesenti kuthathwe kwizixeko ezikhethiweyo eYurophu kwaye Ukungaqiniseki okujikeleze i-15% ngenxa yomahluko phakathi kwemozulu phakathi kuka-2019 no-2020. (KNMI / ESA)
Ngelixa i-coronavirus ngokungathandabuzekiyo ibe nefuthe elihle kwangoko kumgangatho womoya, abanye bakholelwa ukuba lunyani lophononongo lotshintsho lwemozulu oluza kuvuna ezona zibonelelo zibalaseleyo kubhubhane ekuhambeni kwexesha.
NgokukaNjingalwazi uOri Adam, ingcali kuphando lwemozulu kwiYunivesithi yaseHeberu yaseJerusalem kwiZiko lezeNzululwazi yoMhlaba, ukuvala indawo kwihlabathi liphela kuya kunceda izazinzulu zityhile ubungakanani bempembelelo yoluntu kwiplanethi.
Eli lithuba elikhethekileyo lokuphendula omnye wemibuzo engxamisekileyo: Yeyiphi indima yethu kutshintsho lwemozulu? ” UAdam uxelele iMedia Line. "Singafumana iimpendulo ezibalulekileyo kuloo nto kwaye ukuba siyayenza, inokuba sesona sizathu sokutshintsha umgaqo-nkqubo."
U-Adam ubize ifuthe le-COVID-19 ekushukumiseni kwabantu nakwimveliso yeemveliso "luvavanyo olukhethekileyo esingakhange sikwazi ukulwenza kumashumi ambalwa eminyaka adlulileyo." Abaphandi baya kuba nakho ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo ikhonkco phakathi kweerosol ezenziwe ngabantu kunye ne-CO2 ekhutshwa kukufudumala komhlaba kunye notshintsho lwemozulu kwezi nyanga zimbalwa zizayo.
"Kwelinye icala, singcolisa ngokubeka ii-greenhouse gases emoyeni, kodwa sikwangcolisa nomoya ojikeleze la masuntswana amancinci [ierosols] kwaye eneneni anefuthe lokulinganisa," ucacisile. “Abanye abantu bacinga ukuba ngenxa yoku kuncitshiswa kongcoliseko, siza kulunqanda utshintsho lwemozulu kodwa ayicacanga ukuba iyakuba njalo. … Asinakuxela ukuba ingaba esi sifo singazipholisa okanye sisifudumeze isimo sezulu. ”
IiAerosols ziluthuli kunye namasuntswana abangelwa ziifosili kunye neminye imisebenzi yabantu. Kukholelwa ukuba zinciphisa inani lemitha yelanga efikelela kumphezulu woMhlaba, ngaloo ndlela idala isiphumo sokupholisa. Eyaziwa ngokuba kukufiphala kwehlabathi, le nto yindawo esebenzayo kuphando lwezenzululwazi zemozulu.
"Asazi ukuba yintoni ifuthe le-aerosols," u-Adam waqinisekisa. “Nje ukuba siqonde ukuba sizokwazi ukunciphisa ukungazinzi ngokuqikelela kotshintsho lwemozulu.”
Kwinzululwazi yemozulu, utshilo, kukho umlo wemfazwe phakathi kweendlela ezininzi ezikhuphisanayo- zonke ezinempembelelo kutshintsho lwemozulu luphela. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba imibuzo emininzi ihleli ingaphendulwanga, amandla abaphandi okuchaphazela abenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo kunye nezopolitiko zichaphazele kakubi.
Kucacile ukuba abantu badlala indima enkulu [kutshintsho lwemozulu], ”utshilo uAdam. Ingxaki kukuba asinakho ukubeka inani kuyo kwaye ibha yempazamo inkulu kakhulu. Zikhona nezinye iimpembelelo, umzekelo, ukwahluka kwendalo, [leyo] bubushushu behlabathi obuza kutshintsha nokuba asiyikhuphi nto emoyeni. ”
Okwangoku, uAdam ukholelwa ukuba ngelixa izazinzulu zingenayo idatha eyoneleyo yokuvavanya eyona ndima idlalwa ngabantu kutshintsho lwemozulu, i-COVID-19 inokutshintsha konke oko.
"Mhlawumbi i-coronavirus izakusinika [ithuba] elikhethekileyo lokusinceda sithintele ukuqonda kwethu ukuba siyichaphazela njani imozulu, utshilo, wongeza ukuba uyakholelwa ukuba ubhubhane luyakukhuthaza amazwe amaninzi ukuba ajike kwioyile kwaye akhawuleze acoceke. imithombo yamandla njengomoya kunye namandla elanga.
Ngapha koko, kubonakala ngathi ungcoliseko olwenziwe ngumntu luxanduva lokufa okungenani okunxulumene ne-coronavirus.
Uphononongo lwaseHarvard olukhutshwe ebutsheni bale nyanga lubonise ukuba abantu abosuleleke yi-COVID-19 kunokwenzeka ukuba babulawe yintsholongwane ukuba bahlala kwiindawo ezinomoya ongcolileyo. Yenziwe yiHarvard TH Chan School yezeMpilo yoLuntu, abaphandi bahlalutya idatha ukusuka kumawaka angama-3,080 e-US yonke kwaye bathelekisa amanqanaba e-PM2.5 (okanye umba wezinto oveliswe kukutshiswa kwefosili) kunye nenani lokufa kwe-coronavirus kwindawo nganye.
Uphononongo lufumanise ukuba abo babenokubhencwa kakhulu yi-PM2.5 ngaphezulu kwexesha elide babesengozini enkulu ye-15% yokufa ngenxa yentsholongwane yenoveli kunabo bahlala kwimimandla engenalo olu hlobo longcoliseko.
"Sifumanise ukuba abantu abahlala kwiibhanki eUnited States abaye bafumana amanqanaba aphezulu ongcoliseko lomoya kule minyaka ingama-15 ukuya ku-20 edlulileyo banezinga eliphezulu lokusweleka kwe-COVID-19, emva kokuphendula ngokwahluka kobuninzi babemi," utshilo uGqirha Francesca Dominici Umbhali omkhulu wesifundo uxelele iMedia Line nge-imeyile. "Olu konyuka lubangela uhlengahlengiso lweempawu zenqanaba lenqanaba."
UDominici uthe nje ukuba uqoqosho lubuyise amanqanaba okungcoliseka komoya aza kubuyela ngokukhawuleza kwinqanaba laphambi kobhubhane.
"Ukubonakaliswa kongcoliseko lomoya kuchaphazela kwawona malungu (imiphunga nentliziyo) ahlaselwa yi-COVID-19," utshilo, engeza ukuba ayothusi ziziphumo.
Iinzame zase-Itali zokunciphisa ukusasazeka kwesifo se-coronavirus zikhokelele ekunciphiseni kweenqanawa ezihamba ngeendlela zamanzi ezidumileyo zaseVenice- njengoko zibanjiwe yiCopernicus Sentinel-2 mission. Le mifanekiso ibonisa enye yeziphumo zesixeko esitshixekileyo saseVenice, kumantla e-Itali. Owona mfanekiso uphezulu, obanjwe ngo-Epreli 13, 2020, ubonakalisa ukungabikho okuthe kratya kwenqanawa xa kuthelekiswa nomfanekiso osusela ngo-Epreli 19, 2019. (ESA)
Abanye bavumile ukuba izibonelelo ezikhawulezileyo zokusingqongileyo zokungcoliseka komoya okurekhodwe kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi-ngelixa zamkelekile-ziya kuba zexeshana.
"Ngokukhawuleza njengoko kwenzekile, izakubuyela ngokukhawuleza ngendlela ebeyiyo," utshilo uDavid Lehrer, umlawuli olawulayo kwiziko iArava Institute for Environmental Study, uxelele iMedia Line. “Kodwa into esiyibonisileyo yeyokuba ngokuthatha amanyathelo ngokuthatha isigqibo, sinokuba nefuthe kwiigesi zegreenhouse emoyeni. Siye sanyanzelwa ukuba siwenze lo bhubhane kodwa zikhona ezinye iindlela zokunciphisa amafutha ezinto ezingabandakanyi ukuba umhlaba wonke uvaliwe. ”
IZiko leArava leziFundo ngezeNdalo, eliseKibbutz Ketura emazantsi akwa-Israyeli kufutshane nomda wase-Jordan, liza kunika intetho emfutshane kwi-Intanethi malunga nefuthe lokusingqongileyo kwe-coronavirus kulo Lwesithathu uzayo njengenxalenye yemibhiyozo yoSuku loMhlaba.
"Siye sabona umoya ococekileyo kwiindawo ezifana neHaifa apho kukho imveliso eninzi, naseTel Aviv," utshilo uLehrer. “Esona sifundo sibalulekileyo kuyo yonke le nto kukuba, uNombolo 1, imiba yesayensi, kwaye xa iingcali zesayensi zisixelela into ekufuneka siyimamele. Okwesibini, icacile ukuba thina bantu sinakho ukuba nefuthe kule meko. … Sisenalo ixesha lokwenza into xa sithatha amanyathelo ngokungxamisekileyo kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba senza njengabantu basehlabathini jikelele. ”
U-Lehrer ugxininise ukuba utshintsho kwimo engqongileyo olubonwe kwezi veki zidlulileyo lubonisa ukuba uluntu ngokudibeneyo kufuneka luhambe kancinci, lusebenze ekhaya xa kunokwenzeka kwaye lungajongi kubathengi.
"Kufuneka sibuyele esiqhelweni, kodwa [kufuneka] ibe yinto yesiqhelo entsha eqonda isidingo sokuzikhusela kubhubhane wexesha elizayo kwaye kwangaxeshanye ithathe isoyikiso sexesha eliphakathi kutshintsho lwemozulu," uqukumbele watsho.
