Kwiiveki ezimbini ezidlulileyo, usihlalo weGunya lika-Suez Canal, u-marshal wentsimi u-Ahmed Aly Fadel wabiza inani leentatheli kwikomkhulu lakhe e-Ismailiya kwiHolo yeNgqungquthela yeZiko loPhando ukuvakalisa izigqibo ezibalulekileyo ezinxulumene nomgaqo-nkqubo wonyaka we-2009 eSuez Canal.
Imirhumo ka-2009 yaqukunjelwa, nangona kunjalo emva kwexesha, ngenxa yokungaqiniseki kwishishini lokuthumela ngenqanawa okubangelwa bubuqhetseba kunye nengxaki yemali yehlabathi. Izibhengezo, ebekufanele ukuba zenziwe ngoDisemba, zilibazisekile ngenxa “yokuguquguquka okukhulu kwintengiso yeenqanawa kunye norhwebo lwehlabathi,” utshilo uFadel.
Bambalwa abanokwazi, belandela umzuzwana kwishishini lokhenketho elomeleleyo laseYiputa njengoko umntu ofumana imali yangaphandle yiSuez Canal, eyona njini yezoqoqosho yeli lizwe. Ekubeni ingumjelo obalulekileyo odibanisa amaziko orhwebo eMeditera nehlabathi liphela, iJiphutha ingxabalaza kwiSuez Canal – eyona ndlela ithe ngqo phakathi kweYurophu/eNtshona kunye neTshayina. I-Suez yenza inkqubo yezibuko yelizwe ibaluleke kakhulu kurhwebo kunye neendlela zokuphila ezicwangcisiweyo.
Umbono wokudibanisa iMeditera kunye noLwandle oluBomvu kuqala kwenzeka ngexesha likaFaro. OoFaro babengoovulindlela kweli nqanaba, njengoko babesemba umjelo odibanisa iilwandle zombini kwisebe elingasempuma leNtili yomNayile. Kamva, lo mjelo wawungahoywa de amaGrike, alandelwa ngamaRoma awumba izihlandlo eziliqela; nangona kunjalo, umjelo waphinda wangahoywa.
Ngexesha lokoyiswa kwama-Arabhu eYiputa, iSuez yaphinda yagrunjwa. Yaqhubeka ikho iminyaka emininzi kodwa yazaliswa kamva. Ebudeni bephulo lamaFrentshi ngowe-1798, uNapoleon Bonaparte wacinga ukudibanisa ezi lwandle zimbini ngokuthe ngqo ngomjelo wokuhamba, kodwa iinjineli azizange ziyixhase ingcamango yokuba eneneni umphakamo woLwandle oluBomvu wawuziimitha ezilithoba ngaphezu kolwandle lweMeditera.
NgoNovemba 30, 1854, injineli yaseFransi uFerdinand De-lesseps wakwazi ukutyikitya isivumelwano norhulumente waseYiputa sokumba iSuez Canal okokugqibela. NgoAprili 25, 1859, ukugrunjwa komjelo kwaqalisa kwaza kwaqhubeka kangangeminyaka elishumi. Ngaphezulu kwe-2.4 yezigidi zabasebenzi base-Egypt bathatha inxaxheba, kwaye ngaphezu kwe-125.000 yalahlekelwa ubomi babo.
NgoNovemba 17, 1869, iSuez Canal yavulwa ukuba ihambe. Iphawula indawo enobuchule kakhulu. Idibanisa iilwandle ezimbini kunye neelwandle ezimbini iAtlantiki kunye neMeditera ngokudlula eGibraltar ukuya ePort Said, kunye noLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya kunye noLwandle oluBomvu ngeBab Al Mandab kunye neNyoba yeSuez ukuya kwizibuko laseSuez.
Ngowona mjelo umde ongenazitshixo; inokwandiswa ize yenziwe nzulu nangaliphi na ixesha xa kuyimfuneko.
Isango leSuez Canal ePort Said lineelwandle eziqhelekileyo kodwa ezixinene kakhulu kunezinye iindawo ekuchithelwa kuzo iiholide zaseYiputa. Noko ke, eyona nto inomtsalane esixekweni kukujongwa kweenqanawa ngoxa zingena kumjelo. “Ungayenza loo nto ngokuma kwisikhululo senqanawa okanye ngokukhwela isikhitshane sasimahla ngokwaso amaxesha ambalwa,” yathumela ibhlog yongeza, “Inqanawa ithwala abakhweli ibase kwisixeko esingudade wasePort Said ePort Fuad. Eyona ndawo ibalaseleyo yasePort Said sisakhiwo seGunya leCanal yaseSuez. Iyabonakala kwisikhululo senqanawa kwaye isakhiwo sayo siyamangalisa. ”
Phantse wonke umntu waseYiputa uyasazi iSithili sama-Arabhu ePort Said. Lelona ziko lidala nelona lisebenzayo kunye nezorhwebo kwisixeko esikunxweme olusemantla eJiphethe. Yonke imihla, amawakawaka abantu abasuka kulo lonke elase-Egypt bandwendwela isixeko esingenamsebenzi ukuya kuthenga kwesi sithili, apho amaxabiso angabizi kakhulu ngeepesenti ezingama-50 kunayo nayiphi na enye indawo elizweni. Ukutyelela umbane kwisithili nangona kunjalo kuya kutyhila iingxaki zezoqoqosho nezentlalo zabahlali bayo, uninzi lwabaphambukeli abavela e-Upper Egypt, utshilo ngaphambili u-Mohamed Raouf ovela kwiGazethi yaseYiputa.
NgoJulayi 1956, iJiphutha yenza iSuez Canal ibe yelizwe emva kokuba ibiyinkampani yamazwe ngamazwe malunga neminyaka engama-87. Ukubaluleka kweqhinga loMjelo weSuez kulele kwinto yokuba ibalulekile kurhwebo lwehlabathi. Ithutha i-14 yeepesenti yorhwebo lwehlabathi lulonke, i-26 yeepesenti ye-oyile ethunyelwa ngaphandle, i-41 yepesenti yomthamo opheleleyo wempahla kunye nemithwalo efikelela kumazibuko ase-Arab Gulf.
Umjelo weSuez Canal unciphisa kakhulu umgama ophakathi kweMpuma neNtshona, umzekelo, i-86 yepesenti yomgama phakathi kweSaudi Port of Jeddah ukuya kwizibuko loLwandle oluMnyama eCanstanza ugciniwe, xa kuthelekiswa nendlela ejikeleza iCape of Good Hope. Umgama ophakathi kweTokyo neRotterdam eHolland ucuthwe ngama-23 ekhulwini ukuba ujikeleze iAfrika.
Urhulumente kaMubarak ebesoloko enomdla ekuphuculeni nasekuphuhliseni ukusebenza kweSuez Canal ukumelana nokunyuka okuthe gqolo kwezithuthi zaselwandle ngenxa yomthamo omkhulu weenqanawa, iinqanawa ezinkulu zemithwalo kunye nenani elihlala linyuka leenqanawa eziwela umjelo. Amagosa eCanal athi iintlawulo ziya kugcinwa ziphantse zifane okanye ziya kunqunyulwa ngenxa yempembelelo yendlela yokunyuka kwezoqoqosho kunye nosongelo lobuqhetseba kwiGulf of Aden.
Mva nje, abavelisi bezixhobo ngokukodwa, baye bahlengahlengisa iinqanawa zabo zokujikeleza iKapa leThemba eliHle kwezi nyanga zidlulileyo ukuthintela abaphangi beenqanawa ezizingela iinqanawe ezisendleleni ephakathi kweSuez Canal kunye noLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya, utshilo umashali waseSuez.
Urhulumente wase-Egypt akashiyanga nto ingako ekugcineni umjelo ukhuselekile kwaye ukhuselekile. Ngelishwa kulo nyaka uphelileyo, uTshutshiso loKhuseleko lukaRhulumente wabamba u-Muhammad Tahah Wahdan, unjingalwazi kwiFakhalthi yeSayensi yeYunivesithi yaseSuez Canal, ngokwenza inqwelo-moya engenabantu. U-Wahdan utyholwa ngokuqulunqa ikomiti eququzelela phakathi kweenkokheli ze-Hamas kwi-strip yaseGaza kunye neenkokheli ze-Muslim Brotherhood eYiputa, utshilo uNirmin al Awadi ka-Al Dustur.
