Ngaba iintlanganiso ziya kubuya? Ngaba ihotele ingavulwa ngokukhuselekileyo?… Okanye ngaba kufuneka sihlale ekhaya?

Ukudibana kwezoKhenketho iParadigm eNtsha

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kubandakanya ukuqala konyaka we-2020, uninzi lweengcali kwihotele, ukhenketho, kunye nomzi mveliso wokhenketho ngebevumile ukuba "enkulu ingcono." Ibango lenze isidingo sokwakha iinqanawa ezinkulu zokuhamba ngenqanawa, iihotele ezininzi ezahlukileyo, amabala emidlalo ongezelelweyo kunye namaziko endibano, inqwelomoya ekhawulezayo nenkulu. Kubonakala ngathi akukho silingi kwaye akukho zithintelo zithintela ukwanda okuqhubekayo kweshishini. Abantu abavela kuwo onke amazwe, ngaphandle kokufumana umvuzo okanye ingqesho, bakhuthazwe ukuba bahambe emakhaya nakwamanye amazwe, batyelele abahlobo, usapho, ukuphucula imfundo, ukwandisa ishishini, kunye namava okonwabisa. Ukusuka kwiipasipoti ukuya kwiinkqubo zamakhadi okungena kwihlabathi ziyilelwe ukukhawulezisa abantu njengoko babegcwele ngothakazelelo kwizikhululo zeenqwelo moya nakwizikhululo zikaloliwe. Ukuhamba okungapheliyo kwabantu ukusuka kwesinye isiganeko ukuya kwesinye, ukusuka kwesinye isixeko ukuya kwesinye nokusuka kwelinye ilizwekazi ukuya kwelinye kwazisa iinyembezi zovuyo kubunkokheli kumzi mveliso njengoko ukunyuka kwamazantsi kuthetha iibhonasi ezinkulu kunye nokhuseleko lomsebenzi.

Kuthekani Ngeengozi?

Imingcipheko yokuhamba ihlala ikhona, nangona ingekho ngaphambili nakwiziko. Inqwelomoya ingawa, iteksi inokuxhuzulwa kwindawo ekude yelizwe, iMERS kunye neSARS kunye neZIKA ziphakamise iinkxalabo zempilo, ukutya okunetyhefu kunye namanzi angcolileyo kwenza ukuba kube lula ukuba urhudo lwabahambi lube yinyani; Nangona kunjalo, akukho bungozi obabuthathwe ngokwaneleyo okanye babunzima ngokwaneleyo ukuba bangamisa okanye banciphise ukufunwa kwamathuba okuhamba angakumbi.

Ndikhutshiwe

Ndiyabulela ubugwala bamaTshayina kunye noMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (i-WHO) kunye nobuyatha bomntu ohleli ngoku e-White House, i-COVID 19, intsholongwane enokuthi ibinokuthanani nefuthe lehlabathi (cinga i-MERS, SARS kunye neZika) Ukhenketho lwehlabathi, endaweni yoko, luye lwangubhubhane, lwenza imeko ebanzi yengozi, ukungaqiniseki kunye nelahleko yolawulo kubemi kwihlabathi liphela, bebeka iingxoxo zezempilo kanye kwinqanaba eliphambili kumacandelo karhulumente nakwabucala. UMnu Trump kunye nabalingane bakhe badala inhlekelele eye yaphazamisa abantu, kunye neziphumo ezimfutshane kunye nexesha elide. Lo bhubhane wahlukile kuba unefuthe- hayi kwindawo enye okanye ezimbini okanye kumazwe, kodwa kunoko, iplanethi iphela, enomhla wokuphela ongaziwayo.

Ezokhenketho kunye neNihilism

Iinkokheli kwihlabathi liphela ebezikade zixhasana, ngoku zikhuphisana ngezixhobo ezinqabileyo, zibeka iimfuno zazo phambi kweemfuno zabanye. Iingxaki zongezwa ngakumbi kubo nakubantu ngenxa yeengozi ezikhoyo kunye nekamva elingaziwayo. Iplanethi iphela ijongana nenyani eqinisekileyo enika ithemba elincinci okanye elingenathemba, ubunkokheli obubuthathaka (okona kulungileyo), oorhulumente abazama ukusebenza nokwenza izigqibo ngaphandle kolwazi, kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi, zenziwe zangumgubo.

Iziphumo zexesha elide ze-COVID 19 azicacanga; Nangona kunjalo, ukunqunyulwa kwangoko kunye nexeshana elifutshane koqoqosho lwehlabathi, ukungabikho kwamathuba amatsha elundini, kudityaniswe nentsholongwane etshintshayo kwaye isanda ikubhentsisile ukuza okufutshane koluntu kwihlabathi lonke ukwenza iinzame zesiqhelo kubonakale kulilize.

Ingcaciso, hayi impendulo

Kuba oovimba behlabathi bebesoloko kwaye bengalungiselelwanga ubhubhane (kubandakanya, kodwa kungaphelelanga apho kwezopolitiko, kwezenzululwazi, kwezoqoqosho, kurhulumente nakwezempilo yoluntu) kugxilwe kwangoko kukuqulatha ukusasazeka kwentsholongwane- ngokukhethekileyo kwiMisa yokuhlangana. nanjengoko le micimbi ithathelwa ingqalelo ukubonisa imiceli mngeni yempilo yoluntu ezithi izazinzulu noorhulumente bangakulungeli okanye bangakulungeli ukujongana nayo.

Ngokwembali, iziganeko ezikhulu (ezopolitiko, ezemidlalo, ezenkolo, ezomculo, ezeshishini) bezingunobangela wezifo ezosulelayo ezisasazeka kwihlabathi jikelele kodwa azafikelela kubuzaza be-COVID 19. Into eyahlukileyo ngesi sifo bubungakanani bengxaki. Izifo ezingubhubhane zangaphambili bezisonjululwe ziinkokheli zehlabathi ngokucwangcisa ngokudibeneyo, ukuphucula izakhiwo, kunye namanyathelo okuqala okukhusela nawokuthintela, athe, ngokubanzi, alawula izifo ezosulelayo kwinqanaba lamazwe.

Ubukhulu. Kukhulu. Kakhulu

Baninzi Abantu

Iindibano zabantu abaninzi zichazwe nguMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (i-WHO), “njengesiganeko esicwangcisiweyo okanye esizenzekelayo apho inani labantu abazimeleyo linokuphazamisa izicwangciso kunye nokuphendula kwezixhobo zoluntu okanye ilizwe elibambe umsitho.” IZiko loLawulo lweZifo (i-CDC) liyavuma ukuba i-COVID 19 isasazwa ngamathontsi okuphefumla akhutshwa xa abantu bethetha, bekhohlela, bathimla, kwaye bekhwaza. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba intsholongwane iye isasazeke ezandleni ezisulekileyo ize ingene ngeempumlo, ngomlomo nangamehlo, ibangele usulelo. Impendulo ekuphela kwayo, ngeli xesha, kukuthintela ubuqu njengokuhlamba izandla, ukuhlala kude nabanye (ekhaya), iinyawo ezi-6 zesithuba phakathi komntu nomnye, nokunxiba isigqubuthelo sobuso, kudityaniswe nokucoca kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane kuyo yonke imiphezulu.

Iindibano ezininzi ziye zabangela ukungxamiseka kwezempilo kutshanje kwesaziso samanye amazwe kubandakanya (kodwa kungaphelelanga apho): iVancouver 2010 Olimpiki zasebusika (H1N1 influenza)); iNdebe yeHlabathi yeFIFA yowama-2010 eMzantsi Afrika (H1N1 influenza); iNdebe yeBhola eKhatywayo ye-Afrika yowama-2015 e-Equatorial Guinea (isifo se-Ebola virus); I-Olimpiki yaseRio 2016 (intsholongwane yeZika); Nangona kunjalo, akukho namnye ufikelele kubuzaza nobunzima be-SARS CoV-2, exelwe ivela e-China ngo-2019-20 njenge-pathogen ehanjiswa yindlela yokuphefumla ekhokelela kubhubhane we-COVID 19.

Yiya okanye Hayi

Kungenxa yokuba iindibano ezininzi zenza imithombo emininzi yengeniso kwaye zenza isixa esikhulu sokwazisa kunye nokwenza ngcono ubudlelwane boluntu bendawo (indawo ekuyiwa kuyo kunye nabathathi-nxaxheba), imicimbi ecwangcisiweyo ngaphambi kwe-COVID 19 ivunyelwe. Abaququzeleli bendawo, kunye nokhuseleko lukarhulumente, impilo yoluntu, kunye nabacebisi ngezokhuseleko belungiselelwe le micimbi ngokubonelelwa kwezitofu zokugonya, amayeza, iingcali kwezonyango zidityaniswe neenkqubo zokunciphisa kunye neenkqubo ezisekwe kumava. Ngelishwa, ukuphendula kancinci (okuthandabuzekayo) koorhulumente kumathuba aphezulu okusasazeka kweCovid19 kwenza ukuba ubhubhane usasazeke ngokungangxamanga ngesantya esimangalisayo.

Kucacile ukuba ukuqaphela ubuvila kunye nokwamkelwa kade malunga nenyani yokuba ukuhlangana ngobuninzi kwenza imeko efanelekileyo yokusasazeka kwintsholongwane- inyanzelise iindibano, iinkomfa kunye neentlanganiso zokuSondeza kunye nezinye iindlela ezikwi-Intanethi.

Iibhiliyoni ezilahlekileyo

Imisitho yobuninzi irhoxisiwe okanye imiselwe elinye ixesha ibandakanya iLondon Marathon ehlala ivelisa ngaphezulu kwe-100 yezigidi zeedola (i-125 yezigidi zeedola) kuqoqosho lwase-UK. Oku bekusisibetho nakwigidigidi uRichard Branson oxhase lo msitho ngeVirgin Money ukusukela ngo-2010. UTaylor Swift noSir Paul McCartney bebecwangciselwe ukudlala kumnyhadala omkhulu womculo ongaphandle wase-UK ngaphambi kokuba urhoxiswe. IGlastonbury ihambisa i-50-yezigidi zeepawundi (i-62 yezigidi zeedola) ngonyaka kwintengiso yetikiti kuphela (iifizi zetikiti ziyabuyiselwa). Ukuthengiswa kwezinto ezithengiweyo kwindawo, kunye nenkcitho yasekhaya, kungongeza ilahleko eyongezelelweyo yezigidi ezili-100 zeedola (i-125 yezigidi zeedola). Ngenxa yokuba uMnyhadala waseGlastonbury unikela malunga ne-1-yezigidi zeedola (i-1.24m yeedola) yenzuzo yakhe kwimibutho yesisa yalapha, ezi zingenzi nzuzo ngoku ziya kubona ukuwa okufutshane kwemali yabo kulo nyaka njengesiphumo sokurhoxiswa.

IWimbledon, itumente ye-tennis eyaziwa kakhulu kwihlabathi ilindele ilahleko yeepawundi ezingama-200 ($ 249.4 m) ngokubuyiselwa kwetikiti, abasasazi kunye nabaxhasi. Iindaba ezimnandi zalo msitho yipolisi yeinshurensi ebandakanya ubhubhane. Iklabhu iyakwazi ukubanga malunga ne-100 yezigidi zeepawundi (i-125 yezigidi zeedola) kwimbuyekezo yokunciphisa ilahleko. Umbutho waseBritani weTennis Association uzakuxhamla ngaphandle kokurhoxiswa nanjengoko izakufumana umvuzo wonyaka oxabisa i-40 yezigidi zeedola (i-50 yezigidi zeedola) eWimbledon.

ILondon yeVenkile yeFashoni ihlala ivelisa ubuncinci i-269-yezigidi zeepawundi (i-333.8 yezigidi zeedola) kwinzuzo yesixeko saseLondon, kubandakanya nemali engenayo kubanini beehotele kunye nabanini beevenkile kunye neendawo ezibekelwe imiboniso, kunye nerhafu yenkampani eyongezelelweyo kunye nemali yokuthengisa ethengisa kuqoqosho ngabatyeleli. Umnyhadala ubambe i-intanethi, kwaye abalandeli basakwazi ukubona iifashoni zabo, kodwa iSixeko saseLondon siphulukana nemikhwa yokuchitha inkcitho yabantu abazimasa kakhulu.

IiOlimpiki zaseTokyo 2020 zibiza ilizwe ngaphezulu kwe- $ 12.6 yezigidigidi ukuvelisa ngelixa urhoxiso longeze enye i-2.7 yezigidigidi zelahleko njengoko iilali eziyilwe ngokukodwa kufuneka zigcinwe, abasebenzi kufuneka bahlawulwe, kwaye iindawo ezininzi kufuneka ziphinde zibhalwe.

Iminyhadala eyongezelelweyo erhoxisiweyo okanye ebekelwe elinye ixesha ibandakanya iManyano yeBhola ekhatywayo yeYurophu yeBhola ekhatywayo ye-Euro 2020; iFomula 1 Grand Prix e China; Ubuntshatsheli beSizwe bombhoxo obathandathu e-Itali nase-Ireland; Iminyhadala yomdlalo wamanqindi we-Olimpiki; Inkomfa yeHlabathi yeHlabathi eBarcelona kunye ne-Umrah eSaudi Arabia.

Kumaqela amancinci umsitho wonyaka unokuba kuphela kwamathuba akhoyo okufumana ingeniso, evumela ingeniso komnye unyaka wokusebenza. Iindleko ekungenwe kuzo ngexesha lokucwangciswa azinakuze ziphinde zenziwe. Inkcitho ekungenwe kuyo ibandakanya ukucwangciswa, umenzi weefizi kunye nemirhumo yendawo, kunye nezinto zokuthengisa ezingenakufunyanwa. Iminyhadala emikhulu inokuba ne-inshurensi yokubuyela kuyo, kodwa imicimbi encinci esekwe kuluntu ayinakulindeleka ukuba ifumane eli thuba.

Ngaphaya komngcipheko: Ubudlelwane boluntu

Kwiimeko ezininzi, iindibano ezininzi ziye zarhoxiswa okanye zahanjiswa kwi-Intanethi, hayi kuphela kuthathelwa ingqalelo umngcipheko kwimpilo yoluntu, kodwa ngenxa yokubonakala kwezi ziganeko ngenzala yemithombo yeendaba kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba koluntu / kwezopolitiko kunye nokulindelwe ngabathengi. Ukuba ezi ziganeko bezivunyelwe ukuba ziqhubeke kwinqanaba lehlabathi, zibonisa ngokucacileyo amathuba okusasaza esi sifo kwihlabathi liphela, impendulo yoluntu ngeyaye yanoburhalarhume kwaye ingayekisi. Ke-ngenxa yoloyiko, ukungaqiniseki, kunye nokukhathazeka ngokusilela, kunye nedatha efumanekayo kunye nekhulayo ebonisa ukuba le micimbi zizitya zePetri zokusasazeka kwentsholongwane, kuthathelwe ingqalelo kububulumko ukungazivelisi ezi ziganeko - phila- kulo nyaka .

Andityhafiswa

Into eqhubeka nokudideka imeko yeyokuba, ngokubhekisele kuko konke ukwazisa, kudityaniswa neengxelo ezivela kwizazinzulu, amagosa ezempilo oluntu, iinkokheli zeshishini, kunye namaqela oluntu, abantu basenomdla wokuzimasa iminyhadala, bekhangela amathuba anokuthi athathwe "njengaphantsi komhlaba , ”Kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, kwizithuba ezimiselwe ukungakhuselekanga, kwanaphantsi kwezona meko zilungileyo.

Amawakawaka abalandeli bapakishe umkhondo wohlanga eSouth Dakota kutshanje ngaphandle kokunyuka kwenani lamatyala e-coronavirus abhaliweyo kurhulumente. Isantya sikaHuset, esivaliweyo iminyaka emininzi, sasivulwa kwaye phantse abantu abangama-9000 baxinana ezihlalweni phantse bengenazo iimaski zobuso. Iziphumo zomsitho? Amagosa ezempilo axele amatyala amatsha angama-88 kunye nokusweleka.

I-CDC ixele ukuba phakathi kwabantu abangama-92 kwicawa yasemaphandleni yase-Arkansas ngo-Matshi 6-11, i-35 (iipesenti ezingama-38) yaphuhlisa i-Covid 19 kwaye kwasweleka abantu abathathu. Amanqanaba aphezulu ohlaselo ayebantwini iminyaka eyi-19-64 (iipesenti ezingama-59) kunye +/- iminyaka engama-65 (iipesenti ezingama-50). Amatyala angaphezulu kwama-26 anxulumene necawa ayenzeka eluntwini kubandakanya ukufa linye.

Kwi-Skagit County, eWashington, amalungu angama-45 e-choir yokuziqhelanisa nabantu abangama-60 agule yi-COVID 19. Akukho namnye kubo owayebonakalisile iimpawu ngaphambi kokuya kuzilolongelo kwaye kwakungekho matyala aziwayo kule ndawo, nangona iimeko zazichongiwe eSeattle ekufuphi.

E-Austin, eTexas, abafundi abangama-28 kwabangama-70 ababhukishe inqwelo moya baya eMexico ngekhefu lentwasahlobo bavavanywa benentsholongwane.

E-Georgia, abantu abangama-200 abazilileyo bahlanganisana ukuya emngcwabeni kwaye uninzi lwezihlobo kunye nababekho baba nentsholongwane.

ENew Rochelle, NY, kwiminyaka engama-90^th Itheko lomhla wokuzalwa, umbuki zindwendwe wavavanyelwa ukuba une-HIV kwaye iindwendwe ezisibhozo zagula, kubandakanya nabazali, kwaye abantu ababini ababekho bafa.

Iindleko zentlalo

Iminyhadala idlala indima ebalulekileyo kubomi boluntu kunye nokuzimasa iminyhadala kunye neziganeko ezikhulu ezisa izibonelelo kumntu nakwindawo aya kuyo. Uphando lubonakalisile ukuba ukuya kwiminyhadala kunxulumene nemvakalelo yokunxibelelana ngokweemvakalelo kwaye amava ekwabelwana ngawo akhulisa uluntu olomeleleyo nolomelele ngakumbi.

Isayikholojisti kwezentlalo, uSonja Lyubomirsky, ufumanisa ukuba ayinamsebenzi ukuba ungeniswe okanye ugqithisile, ukunxibelelana nabanye abantu kubonakala ngathi kunegalelo kwimvakalelo yempilo-ntle. Isayikholoji yokuya kwimisitho emikhulu yenza ukuba umntu ayeke ukuba "yedwa" kwaye avunyelwe ukuba athabathe isazisi esisekwe kwiqela.

Kukho ukutshintsha okuqhelekileyo: abantu bayatshintsha ukusuka ekusebenzeni ngokweenkolelo zabo kunye neempawu zabo zokuziphatha kunye neenkolelo kunye neempawu ezisekwe kwiqela, benza "ngokungathi" bangumthendeleko-goer okanye fan. Kukwakho notshintsho olunxulumene nolwalamano: abantu bazichaza ngokwendawo yesazisi kwaye babone abanye njengokwabelana ngesazisi esifanayo, esenza ubudlelwane busondele ngakumbi.

Olunye uphando lubonisa ukuba amalungu eqela nawo asebenzisana ngakumbi, ahloniphana, athembana, axhase kwaye aluncedo kwabanye kwaye aqala ukwabelana ngeqela elichonga ukuvumela inqanaba lokuthuthuzela kufutshane ngokwasemzimbeni, okwenza "ukuxinana" kwamkeleke. Imvakalelo yokusondelelana kunye nenkxaso inegalelo kwiimvakalelo ezinamandla ezibonakalisa iminyhadala yezihlwele.

Shwabanisa Isongelwe

Kumanqanaba okuqala obhubhane iZiko loLawulo lweZifo (i-CDC) lilumkise ngokuchasene namaqela amakhulu kune-250 ukuba akukho ndawo yaziwayo eyasasazekayo kwingingqi. Inani ke lancipha laya ku-50, lakhawuleza lancitshiswa laya kutsho kwi-10. Oososayensi kunye neengcali zempilo yoluntu bayavuma ukuba kungangcono ukwahlula wonke umntu; nangona kunjalo, oku kuyinyani kwaye ukugcina amaqela amancinci kunganciphisa inani labantu abangenachaphazeleka abadibana nentsholongwane.

Amanye amagosa aseburhulumenteni ayikhathalele inzululwazi kwaye izangqa ziye zancipha: akukho ndawo yokutyela ngaphakathi, ukurhoxiswa komhla wokudlala, ukuthintela imivalo kunye neentlanganiso zoluntu, ukusebenza ekhaya… konke ngenjongo yokuphepha abanye abantu.

Akukho mpendulo ichanekileyo

Akukho nani likhubazekileyo elikhuselekileyo kwindibano, ngokukaSamuel Scarpino, inzululwazi yeenkqubo ezintsonkothileyo kunye nengcali yemodeli yesifo esosulelayo evela kwiYunivesithi yaseNyakatho-mpuma eBoston, MA. Ngelixa ukugcina amaqela amancinci kubalulekile, kukho ezinye izinto eziqwalaselwayo kubandakanya ubudala, iimeko zempilo ezingaphantsi, umahluko kwindlela eziphatha ngayo intsholongwane kunye namandla ezentlalo. Indlela abantu abahamba ngayo kwizihlwele inokutshintsha indlela intsholongwane edlula ngayo kwiqela. Kwezinye iimeko, ayibobukhulu beqela kodwa kunokuba abantu baxinene kangakanani kwaye lingakanani ixesha abalichitha kufutshane nesihlwele.

Kwi-2018 bekukho isifundo malunga nokuhamba ngeLondon Underground ngamanani kwisifo esifunyenwe ngumkhuhlane esifunyenwe yiMpilo kaRhulumente yaseNgilani. Amanqanaba ezigulo ayephezulu kwiindawo apho indlela yangaphantsi yayixakeke kakhulu, hayi kuba babebaninzi abantu abadlulayo kodwa bebehamba kancinci, kubangela ukuba bachithe ixesha elininzi esitishini kwaye beza kufutshane nabantu abaninzi (cinga izihlwele ukuchitha iiyure zixinene kwizikhululo zeenqwelo moya zaseMelika emva kokuba kwenziwe imithetho yovavanyo).

Ubunkokeli beTeaf

I-Covid 19 ihambise ukusweleka, ukugula okungapheliyo, ukungabikho kwemisebenzi, iintsapho ezisandula ukuhlupheka, ukungabi namakhaya, uxinzelelo, kunye nokuzibulala kwabantu abaninzi, kodwa akukho nto ibonakala ihambisa inaliti xa kufikwa kubapolitiki abazizithulu kunye neenkokheli zeshishini. Akukho namnye, kubume behlabathi, obonakala ngathi uza kuba ngumsebenzi wokubetha uCovid 19 kunye nokuthatha izintso eziya kuthi zikhokelele ekuvuseleleni, zibuyisele uqoqosho lwehlabathi -yonke.

Abafazi. Ngaphambili kunye neZiko

E-USA, abalinde ngamaphiko, ziinkokheli ezinokubakho zehlabathi, kubandakanya uKamela Harris, uElizabeth Warren, uVal Deming, kunye noTami Duckworth. Ngexesha apho ihlabathi lilambele ubunkokheli, aba bafazi baye bagqunywa umlomo, abakwazi ukufumana iindaba zosasazo kunye nenkxaso yezemali efunekayo ukuzisa iingcinga kunye nemibono yabo kwinqanaba eliphambili. Kulusizi kuthi sonke, ukuba umnxeba wabo wokucacisa awuthathelwa ngqalelo.

Okukhulu kunokuba ngcono

Singathemba, kwaye sithandaze, kwaye siphume ivoti, ukuze-ekugqibeleni, ngo-Novemba 2020, ubunkokheli obutsha buvule indlela eya kwikamva kwaye, kwakhona, siya kukwazi ukudibana nabahlobo ngeziselo kunye nesidlo sangokuhlwa, siye ukubonakaliswa kwehlabathi, ukuqubha kumachibi ehotele, ukuthenga kwiisampulu zentengiso kunye nokuxubana kwiimyuziyam. Iindibano zobuninzi ngaxeshanye zezona ndawo zibalaseleyo zehlabathi kunye nezona zimbi zehlabathi.

Yintoni eyinxalenye yethu yangoku akufuneki icime ukubaluleka kweziganeko ezinkulu. Into eyimfuneko kukuqonda okungcono kwezonyango, kwezentlalo nakwisayikholoji yeenkomfa, iindibano kunye neekonsathi, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba intsalela ithotywe ukusuka kwelona libi ukuya kwelona lifanelekileyo.

© UGqirha Elinor Garely. Inqaku lelungelo lokushicilela, kubandakanya iifoto, alinakuphinda liveliswe ngaphandle kwemvume ebhaliweyo evela kumbhali.