Iibhetri eziqhutywa ngokutsha ziqhutywa yiPotassium: Inzame ejongene nendawo ezinzileyo

Ibhafu engama-30 600kb
Ibhafu engama-30 600kb

Ukutshintsha i-lithium kwiibhetri ezinokutshajwa kwakhona ngezinto ezininzi ezifana ne-potassium kunokusinceda siphuhlise umthombo wamandla ohambelana nokusingqongileyo.

Ukukhathazeka malunga nokunqongophala kwe-lithium kunye nezinye izinto eziyimfuneko kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion ezikhoyo ngoku zisanda kuqhuba abaphandi abaninzi ukuba bajonge ezinye iindlela, ezifana ne-sodium kunye ne-potassium. UNjing Shinichi Komaba weYunivesithi yaseTokyo yezeNzululwazi, eJapan, kunye neqela lakhe basebenze iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi ngalo mba. Kwinqaku lakhe lophononongo lwamva nje, uxoxa ngokubanzi ngezinto azifumeneyo kwinkqubela phambili yamva nje, izithembiso, kunye nokulinganiselwa kweebhetri ze-potassium-ion.

 Indlela yethu yokuphila yanamhlanje iya kwahluka kakhulu ngaphandle kweebhetri eziphinda zitshajwe. Ngenxa yexabiso eliphantsi, itekhnoloji enokuphinda isetyenziswe, ezi bhetri zisetyenziswa kwezona zixhobo ziphathwayo zombane, izithuthi zombane kunye nezixubeneyo, kunye neenkqubo zokuvelisa amandla avuselelekayo. Kwaye kutheni bengafanele babe? Banikezela ngesisombululo esihle kwiimfuno zamandla ezikhulayo zehlabathi. Ngaphezu koko, iibhetri ezinokutshajwa kwakhona zisisixhobo esibalulekileyo kwiinkqubo ezifumana amandla ahlaziyekayo, anjengomoya nokukhanya kwelanga, kuba le mithombo inokuguquguquka kakhulu kunye nemozulu. Iibhetri ezinokutshajwa kwakhona zisivumela ukuba sigcine umbane owenziweyo kwaye siwuthumele xa kukho imfuneko. Ngako oko, akumangalisi ukuba abaphandi kwihlabathi jikelele bagxile ekuphuculeni iibhetri ezinokutshajwa njengenyathelo lokuphuhlisa izibonelelo zamandla ezizinzileyo.

Ukusukela ekurhwebeni kwabo, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion (LIBs) ziye zaba ziibhetri ezinokuphinda zitshajwe ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo kakuhle. Nangona kunjalo, nge-spike elandelayo kwimfuno yabo, idityaniswa nokufumaneka okulinganiselweyo kwe-lithium kunye ne-cobalt (enye into eyimfuneko yee-LIBs) kuqweqwe loMhlaba, ukusebenzisa ii-LIBs kungekudala kunokuba yingxaki enkulu. Yiyo loo nto iqela leengcali zenzululwazi kwiYunivesithi yaseTokyo yezeNzululwazi elikhokelwa nguProf Shinichi Komaba ligqibe kwelokuba lihambe ngendlela engahambelwanga kangako: bagxile ekutshintsheni into ephelayo i-lithium ngeendlela ezingcono ezifana nesodium nepotassium. I-sodium kunye ne-potassium zikwiqela elifanayo lesinyithi se-alkali kwitheyibhile ye-periodic yezinto, kwaye ubume bemichiza yabo, ngoko, bufana kakhulu. Kodwa, ngokungafaniyo ne-lithium, ezi zinto zixhaphake kakhulu eMhlabeni, kwaye ukuzisebenzisa ukuphuhlisa ukusebenza kweebhetri ezinokutshajwa kwakhona kuya kuba yinkqubela phambili ekudaleni uluntu oluzinzileyo.

Ngo-2014, uNjingalwazi Komaba, kunye noNjing. Olu yaba luphononongo olucatshulwe kakhulu, lunezicatshulwa ezingaphezulu kwama-2019 kuphela kwiminyaka emi-2,000 edlulileyo. UNjingalwazi Komaba neqela lakhe baye baphonononga enye indlela enokusetyenziswa kwii-LIBs, iibhetri ze-potassium-ion (KIBs), ezithe kancinane zibe yingqwalasela yophando olubanzi ukusukela ngo-5 emva kophando oluthile (umzekelo, uphando olupapashwe Izinto zendalo ngo-2012), ezinye zenziwa liqela likaKomaba. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-potassium kwiibhetri kuyathembisa kuba zibonakalisa ukusebenza okufanayo (okanye nokuba ngcono) kwii-LIBs. Ngaphezu koko, izinto eziyimfuneko zokwakha ii-KIB azinatyhefu kwaye zininzi kakhulu kunezo zifunekayo kwii-LIBs. UNjingalwazi Komaba uthi, “Ngokufunda imathiriyeli emitsha yosetyenziso kwiibhetri ze-lithium-, sodium-, potassium-ion, besifuna ukuphuhlisa itekhnoloji eyonga amandla kunye neyokusingqongileyo.”

Kwiinzame ezimangalisayo zokuququzelela uphando olongezelelweyo iqela lophando nguNjingalwazi Komaba lihlalutye ukusebenza kwee-KIBs ngokweenkcukacha ezinkulu kuphononongo olubanzi olupapashwe Uphengululo lweMichiza. Iphepha labo libandakanya yonke into enxulumene nokuphuhliswa kwe-KIBs, ukusuka kwi-cathode kunye nezixhobo ze-anode, i-electrolyte eyahlukeneyo kunye ne-KIBs eqinile yonke, ukuya kwi-doping ye-electrode kunye ne-electrolyte additives. Ngaphezu koko, ukuphononongwa kuthelekisa izinto ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziswa kwiibhetri ze-lithium, i-sodium, kunye ne-potassium-ion. Iluphononongo kuphela oluhlalutya ngokubanzi imiba eliqela yeebhetri ezinokutshajwa, lunobungqina bokuba luluncedo kakhulu ekukhokheleni abaphandi bangoku nakwixesha elizayo kwicala elifanelekileyo. Ukuba nemithamo ebanzi yophando oludlulileyo kwii-KIBs kunye nayo yonke ingqiqo efunyenweyo efinyelelwe kwinqaku elinye kunexabiso elikhulu kuye nabani na onomdla wokuphonononga kwesi sihloko sophando.

Uphuhliso oluqhubekayo lwee-KIB ngethemba luya kuzisa ukunyuka kokusetyenziswa kwale ndlela ibawelayo kwii-LIBs. "Njengoko kungqinwa luphando olunzulu lwakutsha nje, ii-KIBs zibonwa njengabathembisayo kwisizukulwana esilandelayo sebhetri ngenxa yeempawu zabo ezizodwa, ezinjengokusebenza kweendleko, amandla ombane aphezulu, kunye nokusebenza kwamandla aphezulu. Uphuculo olongezelelekileyo kwindlela yokusebenza yee-KIBs luza kuvula indlela yokusebenza kwazo,” ucacise watsho uNjing Komaba.

Nangona kunjalo, uphando kwimiba ethile yee-KIB, njengokhuseleko lwazo, lulinganiselwe, kwaye ugxininiso kufuneka lubekwe ekufumaneni ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nokuba kuqhubeka ntoni na ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwemichiza phakathi kwamacandelo kunye nezinto ezahlukeneyo. UProf Komaba unethemba kulo mba kwaye uqukumbela ngokuthi, “Uphando ngee-KIB, kubandakanywa izixhobo ze-electrode, ii-electrolyte ezingenamanzi/eziqinileyo, kunye nezongezo ziya kunika ulwazi olutsha malunga nokusabela kwe-electrode kunye nee-Ionics eziqinileyo, kuvula amacebo amatsha anokuvumela ukuba ukwenziwa kweebhetri zesizukulwana esilandelayo.” Iqela lakhe lophando liye lagxila kwii-supercapacitors kunye neeseli ze-biofuel kunye nee-LIB zombini kunye neebhetri ze-sodium-ion, ezinokuthi zonke zifumane imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu kuluntu oluzinzileyo kwixesha elizayo.

 

Malunga neYunivesithi yaseTokyo yeSayensi

IYunivesithi yaseTokyo yeSayensi (i-TUS) yiyunivesithi eyaziwayo nehlonitshwayo, kunye neyona yunivesithi inkulu kwezophando yabucala eJapan, eneekhampasi ezine kumbindi weTokyo nakwiidolophu zayo naseHokkaido. Eyasungulwa ngo-1881, iyunivesiti iye yaqhubeka igalelo ekuphuhlisweni kweJapan kwisayensi ngokubethelela uthando lwezesayensi kubaphandi, ochwepheshe kunye nootitshala.

Ngomsebenzi "Wokudala isayensi kunye netekhnoloji yophuhliso oluhambelanayo lwendalo, abantu, kunye noluntu", i-TUS yenze uluhlu olubanzi lophando ukusuka kwisiseko ukuya kwisayensi esetyenzisiweyo. Tus uye wamkela indlela ezixubeneyo kuphando kunye nokwenza uphando olunzulu kwezinye iinkalo namhlanje kubaluleke kakhulu. I-TUS yidemokhrasi apho eyona nto ibalaseleyo kwisayensi yamkelwe kwaye yondliwa. Yiyo kuphela eyunivesithi yabucala eJapan evelise iBhaso likaNobel kunye neyunivesithi yabucala kuphela eAsia ukuvelisa abaphumeleleyo beBhaso likaNobel kwicandelo lezenzululwazi yendalo.
website: https://www.tus.ac.jp/en/mediarelations/

 

Malunga noNjingalwazi Shinichi Komaba weYunivesithi yaseTokyo yezeNzululwazi

UNjing Shinichi Komaba ufumene iPh.D. ukusuka kwiYunivesithi yaseWaseda, eJapan, emva koko wajoyina iYunivesithi yase-Iwate njengeqabane lophando. Emva konyaka omnye wophando emva kobugqirha eFransi, wajoyina iYunivesithi yaseTokyo yeSayensi ngo-2005 ukuze asebenze ekuphuhliseni i-electrode, i-electrolytes, kunye nezinto ezibophelelayo kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeebhetri ezinokutsha. Iqela lakhe lophando lenza uphando olusikelelwe kwintsimi yeebhetri ezinokutshajwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo kwe-electrochemical. Ukwangumbhali ohambelanayo weli nqaku lokuphonononga. Ngezinto azipapashiweyo ezingaphezulu kwama-250, uNjingalwazi Komaba uphumelele iimbasa ezininzi zamazwe ngamazwe, kuquka newonga elithi “Umphandi ocatshulwe phezulu” ngowama-2019. 

Ulwazi ngezemali

Olu phononongo luxhaswe ngemali yinkqubo ye-MEXT “ESICB” (JPMXP0112101003); Inkqubo ye-A-STEP (#JPMJTS1611); kunye nenkqubo yeCONCERT-Japan(#JPMJSC17C1), i-Arhente yaseJapan yeNzululwazi nobuChwepheshe (JST); kunye JSPS KAKENHI Iinombolo zeSibonelelo JP16K14103, JP16H04225, kunye neJP18K14327.

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