I-NY isela iwayini ye-NY: Imbali kunye neehybrids

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Iewayini zaseNew York: Intlekele ekuqaleni

Ababhali-mbali bayibhalile into yokuba iidiliya zaziswa okokuqala eNew York ngamaDatshi (1647-1664); Ngelishwa, izityalo ziye zasilela. Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva, abahlali base-French Huguenot e-Ulster County bazama ukutyala iindidi ezahlukeneyo zase-Europe (1667) kwaye nabo abaphumelelanga.

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UWilliam Robert Prince (1795-1869)

Ekugqibeleni, ngo-1816 umdiliya we-Isabella watyalwa nguWilliam R. Prince (inzala kaThomas Prince, iRhuluneli yakuqala yasePlymouth Colony) eLinnaean Gardens (eQueens, NY) nakwiminyaka emi-2 kamva (ngo-1818), u-Elijah Fay watyala eyokuqala. isidiliya kwi Chautauqua County.

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Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva (1827) isidiliya sokuqala sentengiso kunye nomdiliya wewayini e Hudson Valley yavulwa (ityalwe ngu Richard Underhill kwi Croton Point kwi Hudson River). I-Underhill's ithathwa njengobukhosi bokuqala kwi-viticulture yaseMelika. Bubungakanani nokuphila kwazo ixesha elide okunika ilungelo lokuthathelwa ingqalelo njengabasunguli beshishini elikhulisa iwayini eNew York.

Kwiminyaka emibini kamva (ngo-1829), kwigadi yakhe ebuyayo, u-William Bostwick ohloniphekileyo watyala isidiliya sokuqala kumachibi eFinger (eHammondsport, NY). U-Bostwick wakhuthaza abamelwane bakhe ukuba batyale iziqu kwimidiliya embalwa u-Isabella kunye no-Catawba awayekhula.

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Nangona kunjalo, kwathatha elinye ishumi leminyaka ukuba ishishini lewayini liye kurhwebo kwi-Hudson Valley. Ekugqibeleni, ngo-1839 uJean Jacques wavula iBlooming Grove (kamva yaphinda yaziwa njenge-Brotherhood Winery) kwaye ngo-1853 udidi lwe-Concord lomdiliya (olwaziswa ngu-Ephraim Bull wase-Concord, i-NH) lwaba yi-wayini ethandwayo kunye netafile yomdiliya. Inkampani kaTaylor Wine yangena kolu shishino ngo-1880, ilandelwa yi-Widmer's Wine Cellars ngo-1888-ibeka iNew York kwimephu yokwenza iwayini emhlabeni. La mashishini avelise iwayini ehlwahlwazayo kunye nedessert (kubandakanya amazibuko kunye nesherries), kunye newayini yeetafile.

Ukwandiswa kweevenkile kwandiswe

I-Farm Winery Boom yenzeka ngo-1960s-1970 kunye noosomashishini abatsha abenza iwayini. Amangenelo aquka inkampani yakwaBenmarl Wine kunye neCascade Mountain Vineyard (i-Hudson River Region), kunye neBully Hill Vineyards kunye noGqr Konstantin Frank weVinifera Wine Cellars kwiFinger Lakes.

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Umthetho weWinery Winery Act (1976) wavula ucango lobunini kunye nokusebenza kwewayini ukuvelisa ngaphantsi kwe-50,000 yeelitha zewayini ngonyaka kwaye uthengise ngqo kumthengi kwifama; Namhlanje iivenkile zewayini zasefama zinokuvelisa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-150,000 yeelitha ngonyaka kwaye zingathengisa iwayini kwiivenkile zokutyela, ukuthengisa kunye nokuthengisa ngokubanzi. Njengoko lo Mthetho wavela, wavumela abenzi bewayini ukuba bathenge iidiliya kwabanye abalimi baseNew York kwaye bathengise iwayini zabo kwinkqubo enye, okoko nje iwayini zenziwa nge-100 yeediliya zaseNew York.

Iivenkile zaqhubeka nokwanda (1976-2017), ukufikelela kuma-405, ngama-302 kwimimandla yezolimo eyaziwayo iFederally: ezingama-20 eLake Erie, ezili-129 kumaFinger Lakes, ezingama-62 kwiNgingqi yoMlambo i-Hudson, ezingama-76 eLong Island, 7 mna ngaseNiagara I-Escarpment kunye ne-7 kwiChamplain Valley yaseNew York enewayini ezili-103 kwezinye iindawo zikarhulumente.

Imiba yoLwazi

Uninzi lweewini ezitsha zincinci, ziqhutywa lusapho kwaye zijolise kwimveliso encinci yeewayini ezahlukeneyo zewayini zetafile nayo yonke inkqubo, ukusuka ekutyalweni kwemidiliya ukuya kwintengiso yewayini, elawulwa lusapho. Ukongeza ekwenziweni kwewayini, iindwendwe ezithengisa ezivenkileni ziyakwazi ukhenketho kwizidiliya, kunye nokungcamlwa kwewayini kwaye eli candelo litsalela abakhenkethi abazizigidi ezi-3 eNew York unyaka nonyaka.

Ishishini lewayini le-NY Namhlanje

Namhlanje, iNew York lilizwe lesithathu ngobukhulu elizweni elivelisa iwayini ngemveliso ephakathi yonyaka emalunga nezigidi ezingama-20 zeelitha. INew York ineendawo ezili-10 ezamkelwe ngokusemthethweni zokulinywa ngokuthelekiswa namaFrentshi, “izibizo zemvelaphi” kwaye zibandakanya iLake Erie, iNiagara Escarpment; Amachibi eminwe; Ichibi leSeneca; Ichibi leCayuga; Umlambo i-Hudson, eLong Island; IHampton, iLong Island; Ifolokhwe eseNtla yeLong Island; kunye neChamplain Valley yaseNew York.

I-8 yonyaka ye-NY Iziselo NY. Ukugxila kumasifundisane

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Kumsitho wamva nje weNew York kuselwa umsitho wewayini yase-NY, abaphengululi, abathengisi abathengiselayo, abathengi, abathengisi kunye nababhali bahlanganisana ukuze bafunde ngezinye zeediliya ezingafaniyo ezikhula kwiPhondo laseNew York.

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Iidiliya ze-NY zeHybrid

Yintoni umdiliya we-hybrid? Iidiliya ezingumxube ziintlobo zeediliya eziyimveliso yokuwela ezimbini okanye nangaphezulu iintlobo zeVitis. Kukwabhekiswa nakweyokunqamleza okuthe ngqo okanye "Iindidi zale mihla" kwaye kunyamezelwa kakhulu ukungunda komgubo, ezinye izifo zokungunda, i-nematode kunye ne-phylloxera.

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Iidiliya eziHyibhedi zaseNew York zibonakalisiwe

Kumnyhadala we-NY Drinks NY, uSommelier Pascaline Lepeltier, MS kunye ne-viticulturalist uMike Colizzi weZikhululo zoLingo zezoLimo zaseCornell, eGeneva, NY, wabonisa iintlobo ezimbalwa zeediliya zaseNew York State, kubandakanya:

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IVignoles. Iphuhliswe nguJF Ravat, umhlanganisi ongumFrentshi (ngo-1929), uVignole ngumnqamlezo phakathi kwePinot Noir kunye nomxube weSeibel. Iimpawu zezolimo zibandakanya: Ukuqina, ukuvuthwa kade kunye namandla omdiliya ngokuphakathi; ulungelelwaniso olulinganiselweyo namaqoqo amancinci, ahlangeneyo. Kodwa ke, zichaphazeleka kukungunda okungumgubo kunye nokubola okuninzi kwaye ziyakwazi ukufumana “ukubola okubalaseleyo” okuthi, ngombulelo, kuvelise iwayini ezigqibeleleyo zokugqibela.

Ukungqinisisa: Ukupholisa, ukubila kwetanki; akukho kubila kwe-malolactic; akukho mgqomo mdala. IiVignola zihlala zigqityiwe ngepesenti enye eshiyekileyo iswekile kwaye zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukwenza iwayini emnandi, yokuvuna kade. IVignoles ibonakalisa impumlo kunye nesiqhamo sempuma yeziqhamo kodwa iyafana kwaye inye kwaye iasidi ephezulu yendalo kufuneka ilungelelaniswe nobumnandi. Iwayini ezivunwa kade zinevumba lee apricot.

Ibango leVignoles liyakhula ngenxa yamabhaso amaninzi kukhuphiswano olukhulu lokuvuna kade kunye newayini yomkhenkce. Ezidiliya zinokwenza iwayini yeetafile ezikumgangatho ophezulu kwaye abathengi bafunda ukuba zidityaniswe kakuhle neenguqulelo zespicier zokupheka zaseMexico naseMpuma.

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Traminette. (Eyaziwa njenge NY65.433.13). Yaziswa ngokusesikweni kwi-4 International Symposium kwi-Climate Cloticulture kunye ne-Enology eRochester, NY (Julayi 1996), iTraminette sisiphumo somnqamlezo kaJanes Serve 23.146 x Gewurztraminer ngu-HC Barrett ngo-1965 kwiYunivesithi yaseIllinois.

Ekuqaleni yayenzelwe ukuba ibe ngumdiliya wetheyibhile eneempawu zencasa yeGewurztraminer, lomdiliya uhlukaniswa ngumgangatho we wayini odibeneyo kunye nemveliso elungileyo, ukuxhathisa ngokuyinxenye kwizifo ezininzi zokungunda kunye nokuqina okubandayo. Kusekupheleni kwexesha lesivuno, iwayini emhlophe ivelisa iwayini eneempawu ezahlukileyo ezinje ngomnye wabazali bayo, iGewurztraminer.

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Baco Noir. Monsieur Francois Baco (1865- 1947), wayengumfundisi-ntsapho, ehlala eBelus, eLandes, kwiPhondo laseArmagnac, eFrance (kumazantsi eBordeaux). Olu hlobo lweediliya zaseFrance naseMelika ziveliswa njengewayini ebomvu kwi-NY State.

Imvelaphi yayo isusela emva ngonyaka ka 1894 xa u-Baco wawela i-Follet Blanche (uhlobo lomdiliya lwesiqhelo olwalusetyenziselwa ukwenza i-brandy e-Armagnac) kunye nelungu elingaziwayo losapho lweVitus oluvuthayo (okwaziwa ngokuba yi "river river" okanye "imilambo yomlambo" ezifumaneka ecaleni Iibhanki zempuma yeNtshona Melika ukusuka emazantsi eKhanada ukuya kwiGulf of Mexico ukuya kwiiRocky Mountains). Injongo yayikukudala izidiliya ezinganyangekiyo ze-phylloxera ezigcina uphawu lwazo lwaseFrance. I-Baco yazalwa ngo-1902 kwaye yakhutshwa ngentengiso ngo-1910.

Ukukhanya kumzimba ophakathi, kunye ne-asidi elungileyo kunye nokukhetha kwimozulu epholileyo, uBaco Noir yindlela efanelekileyo yokulima iPinot Noir. Ukuba i-Baco ishiywe kulusu lwayo ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezisi-7 njengoko ibila-inako, ngononophelo, ukuba neempawu ezinkulu ezifana ne-Bordeaux. Inencasa eyomeleleyo nevumba elimnandi - umsedare, icuba, ulusu kunye netshokholethi. Iziqhamo ezintsonkothileyo zeziqhamo zibandakanya iitsheri ezimnyama, amaqunube amnyama kunye ne prunes. Ingabonisa amanqaku e-herbal epepile emnyama, ilicorice, isinamon kunye ne-eucalyptus.

I-Baco, eyenziwe ngohlobo olukhaphukhaphu, ikhumbuza iBurgundian Pinot Noir ethi iveze impumlo etyebileyo eneziqhamo zayo ezibangela iinkumbulo zamaqunube abomvu, amaqunube amnyama, iiblueberries, iitsheri kunye nejamberry. Amanqaku e-herbal aquka ezinye iincasa ze-lavender, ipepile emnyama, iminti kunye nelayisensi.

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Niagara. Olu luhlobo lweebhastidi olukhanyayo olukhanyayo olukhuliswe ikakhulu kumantla mpuma e-US, ngakumbi kuMmandla wamaLwandle amaKhulu. Yenziwe kwilizwe le-NY laseNiagara embindini wenkulungwane ye-19 ukusuka kumdiliya weConcord (mhlawumbi umnqamlezo phakathi kwendidi yasendle yeVitis labrusca kunye ne-unknow Vitis vinifera) kunye nelebrusca Cassady. Iwayini ezisuka eNiagara zilula kwaye zibonisa ivumba "le-foxy".

I-Niagara ngumdiliya ovelisa kakhulu onokumelana nobusika obuqatha, ubusika belizwekazi. Ingenziwa iwayini ezahlukeneyo njengeBurgundian Pinot Noirs, iBordeaux-enje ngeCabernet Sauvignons, ukukhanya kwewayini ezincinci okanye i-nouveaux, kunye ne-rosé. Inika umbala onzulu, iziqhamo ezininzi zejikijolo kunye neplam, kwaye ihambisa amanqanaba aphezulu easidi edibana kakuhle nenyama ebisiweyo. Kwakhona ubudala kakuhle.

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UMarkch Foch. Umdiliya ngumnqamlezo we Gold Riesling kunye ne riparia / rupestris hybrid eyenziwe ngu Eugene Kuhlmann wase Alsace. Iimpawu zezolimo zibandakanya: ukuvuthwa okunamandla kunye nokuvuthwa kwangaphambi kwexesha, izivuno ezincinci ukuya kumodareyitha zincinci, izihloko ezikhululekileyo zemidiliya eblowu-mnyama. Le ngxubevange ayinyangeki zizifo kwaye iyamelana nobusika obomeleleyo nangona ukuqhekeka kwamahlumelo kwangoko kunokubangela ukonakala kwamahlumela ngeqabaka yasentwasahlobo.

Ngolwazi olongezelelweyo, ndwendwela newyorkstinewinegrapegrowers.org.

© UGqirha Elinor Garely. Inqaku lelungelo lokushicilela, kubandakanya iifoto, alinakuphinda liveliswe ngaphandle kwemvume ebhaliweyo evela kumbhali.

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