I-LONDON, eNgilani - Imisebenzi yobunqolobi, inani leengxabano eziliwayo, kunye nenani leembacu kunye nabantu abafudukayo babe negalelo eliphambili ekuqhubekeni kokuwohloka koxolo lwehlabathi kunyaka ophelileyo. Oku kuqinisekisa iminyaka esixhenxe ngokuthe ngcembe, kodwa isilayidi esibalulekileyo esihlayo, esibhukuqa iminyaka engama-60 yokwandisa uxolo lwehlabathi olususela ekupheleni kweMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi.
Impembelelo yezoqoqosho yokuqulatha kunye nokujongana neziphumo zobundlobongela behlabathi kulo nyaka uphelileyo kuqikelelwa ukuba yi-US $ 9.8 yetriliyoni, ngokutsho kweGlobal Peace Index (GPI) yamva nje ekhutshwe namhlanje. Oku kulingana ne-11.3% ye-GDP yehlabathi - ilingana nobukhulu obuphindwe kabini kubukhulu bamazwe angama-54 kuqoqosho lwase-Afrika.
USteve Killelea, umseki kunye noSihlalo oLawulayo we-IEP, uthe, "Izinto ezininzi eziye zaqhuba ukuwohloka koxolo kule minyaka isixhenxe idlulileyo kubandakanywa neziphumo eziqhubekayo zoqoqosho kwiGlobal Financial Crisis, ukubuyiselwa kwe-Arab Spring, kunye nokusasazeka okuqhubekayo. yobunqolobi. Njengoko ezi ziphumo kusenokwenzeka ukuba ziqhubele phambili kwikamva elikufutshane; Ukubuyela umva eluxolweni akunakufane kwenzeke.
“Oku kukhokelela kwiindleko zokwenene kuqoqosho lwehlabathi; ukwanda kwefuthe loqoqosho lwehlabathi lobundlobongela kunye nokugcinwa kwalo lilingana ne-19% yokukhula koqoqosho lwehlabathi ukususela ngo-2012 ukuya ku-2013. Ingozi kukuba siwela kumjikelo ongemhle: ukukhula okuphantsi koqoqosho kukhokelela kumazinga aphezulu obundlobongela, uthintelo oluvelisa ukukhula okuphantsi koqoqosho. "
I-Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP), evelisa ingxelo, iye yavelisa iindlela ezintsha zokulinganisa izibalo zokuchonga amazwe e-10 asongelwa kakhulu ngamanqanaba okwanda kwezidubedube kunye nobundlobongela kwiminyaka emibini ezayo. Ezi modeli zinembali eyi-90%. Amazwe anamazinga aphezulu omngcipheko aquka iZambia, iHaiti, iArgentina, iChad, iBosnia neHerzegovina, iNepal, iBurundi, iGeorgia, iLiberia kunye neNdebe yeHlabathi ye-2022 ibamba iQatar.
Indlela entsha yokwenza izinto ihlalutya iseti yedatha esukela emva kowe-1996, kwaye ithelekisa amazwe anendlela aqhuba ngayo amazwe aneempawu zeziko ezifanayo.
“Into eyenza inguqu kolu hlalutyo kukukwazi kwethu ukuthelekisa inqanaba loxolo lwelizwe kunye nokukwazi kwalo ukwanda okanye ukuncipha kobundlobongela kwixesha elizayo.Uxolo lwelizwe lubunjwa zizinto ezininzi ezintle eziquka amaziko aphilileyo, kakuhle- urhulumente osebenzayo, amanqanaba aphantsi orhwaphilizo kunye nemekobume exhasa ushishino esiyibiza ngokuba ziNtsika zoXolo. Le mifuziselo yenguquko ekuhloleni umngcipheko welizwe; Imiba yoxolo eyakhayo ithande ukulungelelanisa ixesha elide kunye namanqanaba obundlobongela ngoko ke ivumela ukuchaneka kokwenyani,” utshilo uSteve Killelea.
“Ngenxa yokuwohloka kwemeko yehlabathi asinako ukukhululeka malunga neziseko zoxolo: uphando lwethu lubonisa ukuba uxolo alunakwenzeka ukuba luphumelele ngaphandle kweziseko ezinzulu. Olu lukhwelo oluya koorhulumente, ii-arhente zophuhliso, abatyali-mali nakuluntu ngokubanzi lwamazwe ngamazwe ukuba ukwakha uxolo yeyona nto ifunekayo kuphuhliso lwezoqoqosho nezentlalo.”
Kuvavanyo lwangoku lwe-IEP, i-Cote d'Ivoire irekhode impucuko yesibini enkulu kwi-GPI ka-2014 kunye nokunciphisa amathuba oqhanqalazo olunobundlobongela kunye nenani labantu abagxothiweyo, ngelixa uphuculo olukhulu lwenzekile eGeorgia, njengoko ngokuthe ngcembe ibuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo elandelayo. Ingxabano yayo neRashiya ka-2011.
Owona mmandla unoxolo lwehlabathi uyaqhubeka ukuba yiYurophu ngelixa owona mmandla unoxolo nguMzantsi Asia. I-Afghanistan iye yafuduswa ezantsi kwesalathiso yiSyria ngenxa yokuphuculwa okuncinci koxolo ngelixa iSyria iqhubeka nokuwohloka. UMzantsi Sudan ufumene ukwehla okukhulu kwisalathiso kulo nyaka wehla ukuya kwi-160 kwaye ngoku ubekwe njengelizwe lesithathu elilelona linoxolo. Ukuwohloka okukhulu kwenzeka e-Egypt, eUkraine naseCentral African Republic.
EZINYE IIMBALASANE ZENGINGQI
IYurophu iphinda ikhokele ihlabathi ngokwemigangatho yayo yonke yoxolo, amazwe aseScandinavia aqhuba kakuhle kakhulu. Izikhundla ezihlanu eziphezulu zihlala zingatshintshi ukusuka ku-2013. Uninzi lophuculo loxolo lukwi-Balkans, indawo ebikade iyinto ephazamisayo kulo mmandla.
Amanqaku aseMntla Melika ayancipha kancinci, ngakumbi ngenxa yokunyuka kwezenzo zobunqolobi e-US, ezinxulumene nohlaselo lweBoston-marathon ngo-Aprili 2013. Lo mmandla ugcina indawo yawo njengeyesibini-eyona nto inoxolo emhlabeni, ikakhulu ngenxa yeCanada. Inqaku.
Ummandla we-Asia-Pacific uhlala uphakathi kwezona zinoxolo emhlabeni: ukwindawo yesithathu, emva kweYurophu kunye noMntla Melika, kwaye unengxaki yokuwohloka okuncinci ukusuka kumanqaku awo ka-2013. IiPhilippines zibone ukuwohloka 'kubudlelwane bazo namazwe angabamelwane' emva koxinzelelo kunye ne-China malunga nengxabano yoLwandle lwase-China. Amazwe kwi-sub-region ye-Indochina, kunye neNorth Korea, aqhubeka ephantsi kommandla. Ngokwahlukileyo, iNew Zealand, iJapan, iOstreliya, iSingapore neTaiwan zonke zikwindawo yama-30 aphezulu.
UMzantsi Melika ufumene amanqaku ngaphezulu komndilili wehlabathi, ngowona phuculo lunamandla luvela eArgentina, eBolivia naseParaguay. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iUruguay, egcina indawo yayo njengelona lizwe linoxolo kulo mmandla, ibona amanqaku ayo esihla ngenxa yokunyuka kwenani lamapolisa nemikhosi yokhuseleko. Ukungavisisani kwangaphakathi kugxininisa iintsingiselo kumazwe amabini anawona manqaku asezantsi kulo mmandla, iColombia neVenezuela.
Uxolo kuMbindi Merika kunye neCaribbean luhlala lucelomngeni, kodwa ummandla ukwazi ukuphucula kancinci xa kuthelekiswa namanqaku awo ka-2013 kwaye ubeka kuphela ngaphantsi komndilili wehlabathi. IJamaica kunye neNicaragua zezona ziphucukileyo ngokuphuculwa kukhuseleko lwasekhaya kunye namanqaku okhuseleko. I-Mexico, eqhubeka ingena kwimfazwe ekhohlakeleyo yeziyobisi, iwa kancinci ngenxa yokwanda kwenani lamagosa okhuseleko angaphakathi.
I-Afrika ekwi-Sub-Sahara ibona ukuwohloka kwesibini ngobukhulu kumanqaku engingqi kodwa isaqhuba ngcono kuneRussia ne-Eurasia, uMbindi-Mpuma kunye noMntla Afrika kunye noMzantsi Asia. Amane kwamazwe alishumi anawona tshintsho lukhulu lwamanqaku angalunganga avela kulo mmandla, uphezulu nguMzantsi Sudan kunye neCentral African Republic.
IRashiya kunye ne-Eurasia ibonisa ukuphucuka okuthobekileyo kwirenki, kwaye izibonelelo ezivela kumanqaku amahle atshintshileyo kuwo onke amazwe alishumi elinesibini kulo mmandla. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, isiganeko esibalulekileyo kulo mmandla yintlekele phakathi kweRashiya ne-Ukraine. Oku kubangele ukuba ukusebenza kwe-Ukraine neRussia kungquzulwano lwasekhaya nelo lwamazwe ngamazwe lwehle. IRashiya iselelona lizwe linoxolo kulo mmandla kwaye lelinye lawona badlali bahluphekayo kwihlabathi liphela, likwindawo ye-152.
UMbindi Mpuma kunye noMntla Afrika (MENA) uhlala kwizihloko njengoko iingxabano ezininzi ezivela kwi-Arab Spring ziqhubeka nokukhula. I-Egypt kunye ne-Syria, ngokumangalisayo, amazwe amabini abona amanqaku awo ewohloka kakhulu, kunye ne-Egypt ifumana ukuhla kwesibini okuphakamileyo kwihlabathi.
UMzantsi Asia uhlala usezantsi kumanqanaba ommandla ngokubanzi; nangona kunjalo amanqaku ayo aphucuke kakhulu kunawo nawuphi na omnye ummandla. Onke amazwe akuMzantsi Asia awaphucule amanqaku awo onke, ngakumbi uxolo lwasekhaya. Ulonyulo lwakutsha nje e-Afghanistan luqhubekile ngaphandle kwesiganeko esikhulu ekuqaleni kuka-Epreli, kunye namanqaku oloyiko lwezopolitiko oluphucukileyo, kodwa ngokuyinxenye luthintelwe kukwanda kobunqolobi kunye nenkcitho yasemkhosini. Olunye uphuculo kumanqanaba oloyiko lwezopolitiko, kunye nenani lababaleki kunye nabantu abafudukayo eSri Lanka naseBhutan.
Amazwe alishumi ekusenokwenzeka ukuba aqhubele phambili eluxolweni kule minyaka mibini izayo yiZambia, iHaiti, iArgentina, iChad, iBosnia neHerzegovina, iNepal, iBurundi, iGeorgia, iLiberia neQatar.
Ubundlobongela behlabathi buchaphazele uqoqosho lwehlabathi nge-US$9.8 yetriliyoni okanye i-11.3% ye-GDP kulo nyaka uphelileyo, ukonyuka kwe-US$179 yebhiliyoni ye-YOY, ngohlaziyo olunyukayo lwenkcitho yasemkhosini yaseTshayina kunye nenani kunye nobunzulu beengxabano zangaphakathi.
I-Syria isusa i-Afghanistan njengelona lizwe lincinci linoxolo emhlabeni ngelixa i-Iceland igcina iwonga layo njengelona lizwe linoxolo emhlabeni.
IGeorgia ibonise eyona mpucuko inkulu kumanqanaba oxolo, ngelixa uMzantsi Sudan ufumene ukwehla okukhulu kwaye ngoku ukwinqanaba lesithathu elilelona lizwe linoxolo
