Omnye wabanini behotele abakhulu bekhulu lama-20

UJulius Manger (1868-1937) wazalelwa eBoonville, eMissouri. Wathweswa isidanga kwiYunivesithi yaseTulane Law School. Kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini anesibhozo, wazibandakanya kwishishini lekofu waza kamva wanxulumana nomntakwabo, uWilliam, kwishishini lokwakha eGalveston, eTexas. Kamva bafumana isazulu semisebenzi yabo yoshishino kwisiXeko saseNew York apho bakha amakhaya angaphezu kwama-500 kwicandelo leBay Ridge eBrooklyn. Baphinde bakha iBuilders Exchange Building eManhattan kwaye ngo-1907 bayithengisa kwiPlaza Hotel eChicago, eyayisisiqalo sephulo labo eliyimpumelelo njengabanini beehotele kunye nabaqhubi.

Xa uWilliam wafa ngo-1928, iipropati zehotele yaseManger zazixabisa i-22 yezigidi zeedola kwaye zibandakanya iihotele zodidi eChicago, eBoston, eWashington, DC naseNew York. Ngaxa lithile, iManger yayineehotele ezili-18 eNew York iyodwa kunye nabanye eWashington, DC, eBoston, Massachusetts naseRochester, NY Ezinye zezona hotele zidumileyo zaseManger zazi:

• Ihotele yaseManger Vanderbilt, eNew York

Yavulwa ngo-1912 njengehotele yodidi enebhafu kwigumbi ngalinye leendwendwe ezingama-585, iHotele yeVanderbilt enemigangatho engama-20 yakhiwa nguAlfred Gwynne Vanderbilt. Yayilwa nguWarren & Wetmore, abayili beCommodore, Biltmore, Ritz Carlton Hotels eNew York; Providence Biltmore; eMayflower, eWashington, DC; IRoyal Hawaiian, Honolulu; Broadmoor, eColorado Springs; IHotele yeHomestead, iHot Springs, iArkansas kunye neGrand Central Terminal.

IVanderbilt yayiyilwe ngokuyintloko njengehotele enezindlu ezihlala ngokusisigxina ukuze ihlalise isizukulwana esitsha sezityebi esasifuna inkululeko kuxanduva lwekhaya. Ngexesha layo, iVanderbilt yayisesinye sezona zakhiwo zithandwa kakhulu ngokusetyenziswa kwayo kakhulu kweterra cotta, eyenziwe yiNkampani yaseNew Jersey Terra Cotta. I-Works Progress Administration's "Isikhokelo sesiXeko saseNew York" sika-1939 sasibiza ngokuba "ngumzekelo wokusetyenziswa kwe-Italian Renaissance, iMexican kunye ne-Adam IsiNgesi iimpembelelo zoyilo."

NgoAprili 1913, uVanderbilt kunye nevalethi yakhe bakhwela iRMS Lusitania besiya eLondon. Ngobusuku bangaphambi kokuba iLusitania ihambe, uAlfred noMargaret baya kwindawo yemidlalo yeqonga, babona imveliso kaFrohman neBelasco yeA Celebrated Case. Ngentsasa elandelayo, abakwaVanderbilt bavuka ukuze bafumane isaziso esothusayo kumaphephandaba. Ifakwe ngombala omnyama, isilumkiso esivela kuMzi Wozakuzo waseJamani wakhumbuza abahambi ukuba kukho imfazwe phakathi kweJamani neGreat Britain kwaye nabani na ohamba ngenqanawa ephephezelisa iflegi yesiNgesi “ukwenza oko ngokuzikhethela kwakhe.”

I-Lusitania yabethwa yinqanawa yaseJamani i-U yaza yazika. Kamva kwaxelwa ukuba uAlfred Vanderbilt wamkhulula ibhatyi yakhe waza wayibhinqa ngokwakhe kumama owayephethe usana. Engakwazi ukudada, isenzo sakhe sobugorha satywina intshabalalo yakhe.

Ngo-1941, ihotele yathengwa kwiNkampani ye-Inshurensi yoBomi yeMetropolitan yiManger Corporation yaza yabizwa ngokuba yiManger Vanderbilt.

UManger wasebenzisa iVanderbilt ngo-1964 iNew York World Fair kodwa wayivala ihotele. Yathengiswa ngezigidi ezi-3.625 zeerandi kwiqela lotyalo-mali elikhokelwa nguJohn E. Marquesee owaguqula imigangatho emithandathu yokuqala yaba ziiofisi kunye nemigangatho yayo ephezulu yaba ngamagumbi.

• Ihotele yaseGotham, eNew York

IGotham yakhiwa ngo-1903 kwaye yayiyilwe yifem yoyilo ye-Hiss & Weekes ngendlela ye-Beaux-Arts efana ne-St. Regis Hotel ngapha kwe-Fifth Avenue. Ngo-1920, ihotele yathengiswa kuJulius noWilliam Manger malunga nezigidi ezi-4 zeedola. UManger wasebenzisa iHotele iGotham de kwangowe-1932 xa iMetropolitan Life Insurance Company yazisa inkqubo yokuvalwa kwayo.

Ngelixa iHotele ye-Neo-Italian Renaissance Gotham yayiyenye yezakhiwo ezimbalwa kwi-Fifth Avenue eyayikhumbula iminyaka yegolide yeehotele zodidi oluphezulu, ayizange ibonakale ilufumana ubabalo eyayilufuna ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yokuba yayigutyungelwe kukuvulwa kweSt. Ihotele yaseRegis ngapha kweFifth Avenue kunye nePlaza Hotel zineebhloko ezine ukuya emantla. I-Gotham ikhathazwa kukuba kufutshane neCawe ye-Fifth Avenue Presbyterian ngaphaya kwe-55thStreet ethintela ukuthengiswa kotywala kumgama ongama-200 eenyawo zecawa.

• Ihotele yaseManger Taft, eNew York

Le hotele inamagumbi angama-2,250 yavulwa ngo-1926 ngoyilo lomyili wezakhiwo u-H. Craig Severance owayila i-40 Wall Street, i-skyscraper enemigangatho engama-70 eyayisaziwa ngokuba yiBhanki yaseManhattan Trust isakhiwo.

IHotele Manger yazibiza ngokuba “yeyona hotele imangalisayo yaseNew York- ibhotwe lale mihla lebhastile elinamagumbi angaphandle angama-2,000 XNUMX, ii-servidors namanzi omkhenkce ajikelezayo.” I-Manger yangena engxakini kunye neefedi zokuxela ukuba zihambisa utywala ngexesha le-Prohibition. Ugqogqo lwaphumela ekubanjweni kweqela leebellboys, iiweyitala, neebhulukhwe ezimbini, kunye nokutshixwa okwethutyana kwesi sakhiwo.

Emva kokuba uManger ethengise ihotele ngo-1931, yathiywa igama likaMongameli uWilliam Howard Taft. Abanini abatsha baqeshe ikona ekumzantsi-ntshona wesakhiwo ukwenzela indawo yokwamkela iindwendwe emelene neRoxy Theatre.

Ihotele yaseTaft yayiyindawo ephawulekayo yaseManhattan iminyaka engamashumi amahlanu. Ngexesha layo leminyaka yoo-1930 no-1940, yayiyeyona hotele inkulu kumbindi wedolophu, eyayidume ngamaqela amakhulu adlala kwiTaft Grill yayo eyayibonisa ulonwabo olufana neGeorge Hall Orchestra, Artie Shaw, Xavier Cugat, Tommy noJimmy Dorsey, Glenn. Miller kunye noTony Pastor. Ibhendi yomdaniso kaVincent Lopez yayiyeyona idumileyo ngeminyaka yoo-1920 kwaye yasasaza umboniso kanomathotholo osuka eTaft.

Ukufumana inkcazo esondeleyo yobomi eTaft, funda "Ihotele Yomntwana: I-Times Square Childhood" nguStephen Lewis onoyise wayenguMphathi Jikelele iminyaka engamashumi amathathu anesithathu. Izaliswe ngamabali ehotele kunye namava obuntwana, le memoir imnandi ifundisa kwaye iyahlekisa.

• Ihotele eWolcott, eNew York

Nangona yavulwa ngo-Matshi 1, 1904, i-Wolcott ihlala enye yeemfihlo zehotele ezigcinwe kakhulu eNew York. Yayilwa ngomnye wabayili behotele abadumileyo eUnited States: uJohn Hemenway Duncan (1855-1929). Ukwayile iTomb kaGrant, iKnox Hat Building (i-Fifth Avenue kunye ne-40th Street) kunye nesinye sezikhumbuzo ezinkulu zikawonke-wonke: iSikhumbuzo saMajoni kunye neeSailors 'eGrand Army Plaza eBrooklyn. Ngo-1923, ihotele yathengwa yiWolcott Operating Corporation, eyayiqhutywa nguWilliam noJulius Manger. Babengabanini kwaye baqhuba iWolcott de kwangowe-1932.

• Ihotele iMartha Washington, eNew York

Ihotele yaseMartha Washington yavulwa ngoMatshi 2, 1903 njengehotele yokuqala yaseNew York yayisebenza kuphela kubasetyhini. Bonke abasebenzi yayingabafazi abanomamkeli-zindwendwe kunye nabalindi ababekhona ngalo lonke ixesha.

Ukuvulwa kwehotele yokuqala yaseMartha Washington yayiyeyona nto iphambili kwiminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu yokuphathwa kakubi kwabasetyhini abahambahambayo eUnited States. Ngaphambi kweMfazwe yamakhaya kwaye emva koko ngenkulungwane ye-19, undwendwe lwabasetyhini lodwa lwalujongwe ngokurhanelwa.

• Ihotele yaseHay-Adams, eWashington, DC

IHotele iHay-Adams yakhiwa ngo-1928 ukuyilwa ngumakhi wezakhiwo waseArmenian-waseMelika uMihran Mesrobian kwisitayile seRenaissance yase-Itali yomphuhlisi uHarry Wardman. I-Mesrobian ikwayile iCarlton Hotel kunye neWardman Tower (ngoku eyiMarriott Wardman Park Hotel). Isilogeni sikaHay-Adams sithi "apho kungekho nto ihoywayo ngaphandle kweNdlu eNgcacisiweyo."

IHotele iHay-Adams yathengwa ngowe-1933 nguJulius Manger, ngelo xesha, owayeneehotele ezili-18 kwisiXeko saseNew York. Usapho lakwaManger lwaluneHay-Adams ukusukela ngo-1933 ukuya ku-1973 ngelo xesha ihotele yayisaziwa njengeManger Hay-Adams.

• I-Hotel Manger, eBoston, Massachusetts

Xa yavulwa ngo-Agasti ka-1930, yayiyenye yeehotele ezigqwesileyo eBoston enenzuzo engenakubethwa yendawo: kufuphi neSitishi saseMantla kunye neGadi yaseBoston. Yayinamagumbi angama-500 yaye isibhengezo: “igumbi ngalinye lineTub neShower; Yakhelwe kwiSithethi sikanomathotholo, (iNkonzo yezitishi eziThathu); Iwotshi yoMbane engenaTickless; Umncedisi; Amanzi oMkhenkce ajikelezayo; Ifowuni yesiFrentshi; Isipili soBubude obugcweleyo…. IHotele yeNew England eneZixhobo zangoku neMilwe ngokugqibeleleyo.”

Igama lale hotele latshintshwa laba yiMadison ngo-1958. Ngobomi bayo basekuqaleni ihotele yayisindleka iNational Basketball Association kunye namaqela eNational Hockey League acwangciselwe ukudlala kwiGadi endala yaseBoston. I-Beatles edumileyo yahlala khona ngo-1964 kwaye ngoSeptemba 12, i-1964 yabamba inkomfa yenkomfa kwi-Madison Room yehotele apho abafundi abathathu beekholeji "baphahlazeka" kwaye ngokwenene bakwazi ukubuza imibuzo yeBeatles.

Ngasekupheleni koo-1960 nasekuqaleni koo-1970 iHotele yaseMadison, njengommandla omninzi ongqonge isitishi saseNorth Station, yayiphulukene nokubengezela kwayo. Ngelo xesha, uninzi lwamagumbi ayo angaphezu kwama-400 lwaluhlala abantu abangenamakhaya nabafumana imivuzo ephantsi. IMadison yazivala iingcango zayo ngowe-1976. Kwiminyaka elishumi kamva, ngeCawa, ngoMeyi 1, 1986, loo hotele yadilizwa ngoqhankqalazo ukuze kwakhiwe “Icebiso” le-O'Neil Federal Building, ngoku elisetyenziswa kweso siza. Isitiya esidala saseBoston sachithwa ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1990 emva kokwakhiwa kweFleet Centre.

• Ihotele yaseSeneca, eRochester, NY

Ihotele entsha yaseRochester yavulwa ngoSeptemba 14, 1908 ngexesha leNgqungquthela yeDemocratic State. IThe New York Times (kaSeptemba 13, 1908) yanikela le ngxelo:

Ihostele ngobukhulu iya kuthelekiswa neHotel Astor eNew York. Ulwakhiwo lwayo lukwindlela eqhelekileyo yeFrench Renaissance.

Umnyango ophambili wegumbi lokungena ehotele usuka kwisitalato sabucala. Oku kubonelela nge-porte-cochere, enika ukhuseleko kwabo behla kwiinqwelo kwimozulu embi.

Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yee-1920, kongezelelwa iSeneca enemigangatho eli-10, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yeyona hotele inkulu eRochester (amagumbi angama-500) nendawo yokuhlanganisana yabarhwebi bamandla baseNew York. Ihotele yayiza kubamba imisebenzi emininzi yeDemocratic Party equka abezopolitiko abafana noJohn F. Kennedy kunye noLyndon Johnson.

Ngowe-1957, iSeneca yathengwa yiManger Hotel Company yaza yaba yiManger Seneca Hotel. Abanini abatsha basilungisile eso sakhiwo baza bazisa iindawo ezine ezintsha zokutyela kuquka negumbi lokuphumla lamadoda. Kodwa ngokwandiswa kwenkqubo yelizwe kunye nokukhula okulandelayo kweekhabhinethi ezisecaleni kwendlela, iimotel kunye neemotor inns, iihotele ezinkulu zasedolophini njengeManger Seneca azikwazanga ukuphila. Yadilizwa ngowe-1968.

UJulius Manger wasweleka ngoMatshi 29, 1937 kwigumbi lakhe kwigumbi lokuhlala eHay-Adams Hotel. Wayeneminyaka engama-69 ubudala. Wangcwatyelwa kwiManger Mausoleum kumangcwaba aseWoodlawn eBronx, NY Architect/designer Franklin Naylor wakha i-mausoleum ngo-1927 kaDominico Dumbra, kodwa yathengwa nguJulius Manger ngowe-1935. Ubudala be-Mausoleum eyayibaleka ukusuka ekupheleni kweMfazwe yombango ukuya kuxinzelelo olukhulu. Yenye yeemausoleum ezenziwe ngobuhle e-United States kwaye yindawo efanelekileyo yokuphumla yenye yeehotele ezinkulu zexesha lakhe.

*icatshulwe kwi “Great American Hoteliers Volume 2: Pioneers of the Hotel Industry” AuthorHouse 2016

Umbhali, uStanley Turkel, ligunya elaziwayo kunye nomcebisi kwishishini lehotele. Uqhuba ihotele yakhe, ubuka iindwendwe kunye nokuziqhelanisa nokubonisana ngokukodwa kulawulo lweeasethi, uphicotho-zincwadi olusebenzayo kunye nokusebenza kwezivumelwano zokuthengisa ngokuthengisa kunye nokunikezelwa kwenkxaso yesimangalo. Abathengi ngabanini behotele, abatyali mali kunye namaziko abolekisa ngemali. Iincwadi zakhe zibandakanya: Iihotele ezinkulu zaseMelika: Oovulindlela beshishini lehotele (2009), eyakhelwe ukuGcina: iihotele ezineminyaka eli-100 ubudala eNew York (ngo-2011), eyakhelwe ukuGcina: iihotele ezineminyaka eli-100 ubudala eMpuma eMississippi (ngo-2013) ), Ihotele Mavens: uLucius M. Boomer, uGeorge C. Boldt no-Oscar waseWaldorf (2014), kunye neeGreat American Hoteliers uMqulu 2: Oovulindlela beshishini lehotele (2016), zonke ezo zinoku-odolwa kwi-AuthorHouse ngokundwendwela stanleyturkel.com