I-Jordan Codices inokuba ngumtsalane oshushu kwezokhenketho eJordani. URhulumente e-Amman akavumelani kwaye ubiza ngokuba ngumgunyathi.

I-Jordan Codices iseti yamandulo yamacwecwe ekhokelo angamashumi asixhenxe anokutshintsha umbono wehlabathi ngembali yeBhayibhile. Umphengululi wezenkolo kunye ne-Egyptologist, u-David Elkington, ebejolise ekuqinisekiseni ubunyani bezi zinto zingabonakalisa umzobo wokuqala kaKristu.

Ukubuya nje eJordani, apho wayegcinwe khona inyanga iphela ngabaphathi baseJordani. Abasemagunyeni eJordani bacinga ukuba u-Elkington ubuqhetseba. U-Elkington ucinga ukuba urhulumente wase-Jordan ufuna ukucinezela lonke ulwazi malunga nokuba yintoni enokuba ngumtshintshi omkhulu kumdlalo wezakwalizwi.

Abasemagunyeni eJordani bakuchaza okufunyaniswe nguDavid Elkington njengezinto ezingenasihlahla, begxininisa ukuba umqolomba akafumanekanga kwaye imifanekiso akananto yakwenza nomqolomba owawutyelelwe, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba ukunyanzelisa kwakhe ubunyani beekhowudi akunasiseko kwaye akuthembekanga . UJamhawi, umphathi wesebe lezinto zakudala eJordani uthe itekhnoloji yale mihla ingasetyenziselwa ukudala ukudideka kuba inokusebenzisa izinto ezindala kwaye izobe kuyo ukwenza phantse izinto ezingaziwayo zangaphambili ezingezizo.

Ii-Elkingtons zisagcina ukuba iikhowudi zithembekile kwaye zineminyaka engama-2000 ubudala

Yabanjwa njengenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwezakha zafunyanwa kwimbali yezinto zakudala, kodwa zaphikiswa njenge "fomati zangoku", iikhowudi ezafunyanwa eJordani phantse kwiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo zingqinwe ziyinyani ziingcali zaseBritane.

Ukuba ukuthandana kuqinisekisiwe, iincwadi ziya kuba phakathi kwamaxwebhu okuqala obuKristu, ngaphambi kokubhalwa kukaSt Paul.

Ithemba lokuba banokuqulatha iiakhawunti zangoku zeminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bukaYesu livuselele abaphengululi- nangona umdla wabo uphenjelelwa yinto yokuba ngaphambili iingcali zikhohlisiwe ziifake feksi.

UDavid Elkingto uthi iincwadi zingangowona 'mbono uphambili kwimbali yobuKristu'.

'Kululwazi olumangalisayo ukuba sibambe ezi zinto ekusenokwenzeka ukuba zazibanjwe ngabangcwele beCawa bokuqala,' utshilo.

Kodwa iimfihlelo phakathi kwamaphepha abo amandulo ayisiyiyo iqhina leencwadi kuphela. Namhlanje, apho bahlala khona nayo iyinto eyimfihlakalo. Emva kokufunyanwa kwabo yiJordanian Bedouin, le hoard yafunyanwa kamva ngumBedouin wase-Israeli, ekuthiwa wayebashushumbise ngokungekho mthethweni bewela umda baya kwa-Israyeli, apho bahlala khona.

Nangona kunjalo, urhulumente waseJordanian ngoku usebenza kwelona nqanaba liphezulu ukubuyisa kunye nokukhusela ingqokelela. UPhilip Davies, uprofesa wezifundo zebhayibhile kwiYunivesithi yaseSheffield, uthe bukhona ubungqina obunamandla bokuba ezi ncwadi zinemvelaphi yobuKrestu kwiipleyiti ezibekwe kwimephu yesixeko esingcwele saseYerusalem.

Kwingxelo ethunyelwe nge-imeyile kwiThe Jordan Times, iZiko le-Ion Beam (IBC), elizinze kwiYunivesithi yaseSurrey, e-UK, lixhaswe liBhunga loPhando lobuNjineli neFizikhali, ngo-Novemba 30 lapapasha ubungqina obutsha bokunyaniseka iikhowudi zelizwe ezikhokelayo.

Ukubandakanya ngaphezulu kweencwadi ezinamakhonkco ezingama-70 ezenziwe ngelothe, iikhowudi zafunyanwa kwintlambo esemantla kumantla weJordani phakathi kuka-2005-2007, benobungqina obubonisa ukuba babuyela kwinkulungwane yokuqala okanye yesibini ye-AD. Abahlalutyi beelwimi babanga ukuba kuphela kwamaxwebhu ama-Hebrew-Christian, ecela umngeni ngokubaluleka kweMisongo yoLwandle Olufileyo eyafunyanwa phakathi kwinkulungwane yenkulungwane emiqolombeni ye-Jordan Valley.

Ikhowudi, eyinxalenye yengqokelela yeeKhowudi yeeNkokeli, yayisembolekweni ngokusemthethweni kwi-IBC ukuze ifundwe liSebe lezinto zakudala. UMlawuli we-IBS, uNjingalwazi Roger Webb, kunye noMnxibelelanisi oPhezulu, uProf. Chris Jeynes, baxele ukuba i-codex ayibonisanga ukusebenza kwe-radioactivity evela kwi-polonium ye-atmospheric efana neesampuli zanamhlanje, ezibonisa ukuba i-codex inyibilikisiwe ngaphezulu kwenkulungwane eyadlulayo, kwaye ayisiyomveliso yokuvelisa yale mihla.

Enye ingxelo yomhlalutyi ozimeleyo u-Matthew Hood, umvavanyi wokukhukuliseka kwee-codices ukusukela ngo-2009, ubanga ukuba "ukubonakala okubonakalayo kweekristali zezimbiwa njengoko isinyithi sibuyela kwimixube ye-organic kunika ubungqina obomeleleyo bobudala obudala bezinye zezi zinto zakudala" .

“Isikrokro somgunyathi, esaboniswa ziiblogger kunye nephepha elapapashwa ngokungxama kwiTimes Literary Supplement ngo-2011, laphikiswa luvavanyo oluninzi oluzimeleyo lwenzululwazi kunye nophando lobungcali olungabhaliswanga. Akukho namnye kwabo babandakanyeka kuphando ngeekhowudi onokubuthandabuza ubudala babo, ”sitshilo isitatimende.

Kwi-Mach 2017 iSebe laseJordani lezinto zakudala (i-DoA) ngoLwesine labhengeza ukuba iikhowudi ezikhokelayo abazibambe ngoncedo lwabasemagunyeni malunga neminyaka esixhenxe eyadlulayo azange zingqinwe ukuba ziyinyani ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-Arhente yeendaba yaseJordani, uPetra.

UMlawuli Jikelele we-DoA u-Monther Jamhawi uthe iqela lesizwe labaphandi kunye neengcali zaye zajonga indawo yomqolomba ekuthiwa zifunyenwe ii-codices kodwa azafumana nxu lumano phakathi komqolomba nomqolomba, ngakumbi njengoko kungekho mingxunya kwiindonga zomqolomba .

Isebe lazichaza izinto ezifunyaniswe sisazinzulu sase-Bhritane u-David Elkington njengezingenasihlahla, ligxininisa ukuba lo mqolomba awufumanekanga kwaye imifanekiso ayinanto yakwenza nomqolomba owawutyelelwe, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba ukunyanzelisa kwakhe ukuba ii-codex zaqala kwaphela ayithembeki.

UJamhawi uthe iteknoloji yanamhlanje ingasetyenziselwa ukudala ukudideka kuba ingasebenzisa izinto ezindala kwaye idwebe kuyo ukwenza izinto ezingabonakaliyo zangaphambili.

Yiyo loo nto i-DoA ithe yonke intetho e-Elkington malunga nomba ayichanekanga okanye ayisiyonjongo, utshilo uJamhawi, esithi utyelelo lwenzululwazi eJordani kunye nokusombulula ingxaki ngaphandle kwemvume "kukwaphula ngokucacileyo" imigaqo.

Intloko ye-DoA ifuna ukuba kuthathwe ulwazi kwabasemagunyeni, iqaphela ukuba i-DoA iza kwazisa uluntu ngedatha eqinileyo malunga nelifa labo lesizwe ukuba nje ingqinisisiwe.

“I-Jordan Codices ngamaxwebhu okuqala obuKrestu afumanekayo, asusela kwixesha lokuphila kukaYesu Krestu ngo-30AD; kanti imiSongo yoLwandle oluFileyo ibuyela kwi-75AD, ”ngokwevidiyo eyapapashwa kwiphepha leFacebook“ leLifa leMveli iJordani ”kwaye kwabelwana ngalo ngephepha elisemthethweni likaElkington“ iJordani Codices ”.

Ukuthetha kwividiyo, epapashwe nge-3 ka-Matshi kulo nyaka, uDavid noJennifer Elkington bathi i-Jordan Heritage, inkampani yendawo engenzi nzuzo, ibamemele eJordani ukuze bathethe ngeekhowudi.

Bathi iikhowudi zibonisa ukuba uYesu kunye namaKrestu okuqala babehlala eJordani, bongeza ukuba "ukusukela ngo-2008", uthotho lweemvavanyo lwenziwa kwiilabhoratri ezizimeleyo ezili-15 kwihlabathi liphela, neziphumo zazo zonke zazibonisa ukuba ii-codices zisusela kwixesha lokuphila kukaKristu .

"Uvavanyo olwenziwe kwiZiko le-Ion Beam kwiDyunivesithi yaseSurrey kunyaka ophelileyo lubonakalise ukungabikho ngokupheleleyo kwe-radioactivity," yatsho ividiyo, ebonisa ukuba ubudala beecodices buyinyani kwaye bubuyela kwiminyaka engama-2,000 XNUMX.

INTO ONOKUYITHATHA KWELI NQAKU:

Jordan authorities described the findings of David Elkington as baseless, stressing that the cave was not found and the pictures he has have nothing to do with the cave that was visited, which indicates that his insistence on the originality of the codices is groundless and not credible.
Kwingxelo ethunyelwe nge-imeyile kwiThe Jordan Times, iZiko le-Ion Beam (IBC), elizinze kwiYunivesithi yaseSurrey, e-UK, lixhaswe liBhunga loPhando lobuNjineli neFizikhali, ngo-Novemba 30 lapapasha ubungqina obutsha bokunyaniseka iikhowudi zelizwe ezikhokelayo.
Enye ingxelo yomhlalutyi ozimeleyo u-Matthew Hood, umvavanyi wokukhukuliseka kwee-codices ukusukela ngo-2009, ubanga ukuba "ukubonakala okubonakalayo kweekristali zezimbiwa njengoko isinyithi sibuyela kwimixube ye-organic kunika ubungqina obomeleleyo bobudala obudala bezinye zezi zinto zakudala" .